>> I note that all my directories are executable. Perhaps there is a
>> reason for that. But there is a PDF that is executable. Why?
>
>    'Cause you cannot cd to that directory unless it's both writable and
> executable. I always forget the exact relationship, but either w or x lets
> you cd into the directory, the other allows you to list the files in
> there.

For a directory, only the 'x' bit is really unintuitive; the meanings of
the other usual permission bits are:
 o 'r' - List contents - read the contents of the directory file
 o 'w' - Create or delete files or links within the directory; that is,
write to the directory file
 o 'x' - Access the directory, including changing into it and opening
files with it in their path

And then there are POSIX or NFS4 ACLs...

Wil

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