i don't suppose this belongs to ph-misc (chit-chat) as this is very much
*nix related.  so here goes:

if within "/home/<user>" you do a "ls -al" you would see something
like this:

drwxr-sr-x   10 rino     rino         4096 Sep 20 18:47 .
drwxr-xr-x    4 root     root           34 Sep 20 09:39 ..
-rw-------    1 rino     rino          954 Sep 20 18:07 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--    1 rino     rino          174 Sep 19 16:08 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--    1 rino     rino          370 Sep 20 00:38 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--    1 rino     rino          537 Sep 20 11:46 .bashrc

the ".." there means "/home" or the parent directory of
"/home/<user>".  now if you do the same from "/" you'd get:

drwxr-xr-x   19 root     root         4096 Sep 20 09:45 .
drwxr-xr-x   19 root     root         4096 Sep 20 09:45 ..
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 Sep 20 09:22 bin
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root         1024 Sep 20 09:50 boot
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root            6 Jul  6  2000 cdrom
drwxr-xr-x    6 root     root        24576 Sep 20 17:44 dev

we all know that the "/" is the root or parent directory of all
directories then what does that ".." mean there?

-- 
"Let the source be with you." -- Tux

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