imho ipf/ipfw also resides in kernel space. (e.g. options IPFILTER).
iptables also uses a userland tool to alter ruleset via 'iptables' command
itself.

For basic packet filtering (iptables, ipfw and ipfilter)...imho, I don't think either one is significantly faster than the other :-)
(I don't feel the same way about Linux's IP masq vs NATD though) ;-)



by default, iptables may be noticeably faster only in stateless filtering.
its due to the fact that it evaluates the rules set only once by using a
forwarding chain. the forwarding chain evaluates the rules set based on a
packet's complete path through the machine.

Also, the way you write the rules and organize *might be a factor too. (Although I'm thinking about the way ipfilter process its rules here)

overhead due to hundreds of iptables rules may not be an issue to others.

True :-)

regards,
Kenneth
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