I did some poking around and came up with something for you to try.

First, may sure you have the right grub-pc deb package:

  dpkg -l grub-pc

I see something like this at the end:

  ii  grub-pc        2.04-1ubuntu26.8 amd64        GRand Unified
Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS version)

Look in /var/cache/apt/archives for the matching deb file:

  ls -l /var/cache/apt/archives/grub-pc*

If you don't see it, try:

  apt --reinstall -o APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages=true install grub-pc

You will probably see whatever postinst error you have been seeing.
But now you should have the deb file, at least, so try looking for it
again:

  ls -l /var/cache/apt/archives/grub-pc*

It should be there now, if it wasn't before. Okay, now we get to the good part:

  dpkg --debug=2 -i /var/cache/apt/archives/grub-pc_2.04-1ubuntu26.8_amd64.deb

(substitute your deb filename, if different).

I see something like this:

(Reading database ... 265986 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../grub-pc_2.04-1ubuntu26.8_amd64.deb ...
D000002: fork/exec /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.prerm ( upgrade 2.04-1ubuntu26.8 )
D000002: fork/exec /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/preinst ( upgrade
2.04-1ubuntu26.8 2.04-1ubuntu26.8 )
Unpacking grub-pc (2.04-1ubuntu26.8) over (2.04-1ubuntu26.8) ...
D000002: fork/exec /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.postrm ( upgrade
2.04-1ubuntu26.8 )
D000002: process_archive info installed /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/preinst
as /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.preinst
D000002: process_archive info installed /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/postrm as
/var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.postrm
D000002: process_archive info installed /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/postinst
as /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.postinst
D000002: process_archive info installed /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/md5sums
as /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.md5sums
D000002: process_archive info installed /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/config as
/var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.config
D000002: process_archive info installed /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/templates
as /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.templates
D000002: process_archive info installed /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/prerm as
/var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.prerm
D000002: process_archive tmp.ci script/file '.' contains dot
D000002: process_archive tmp.ci script/file
'/var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/control' is control
D000002: process_archive tmp.ci script/file '..' contains dot
Setting up grub-pc (2.04-1ubuntu26.8) ...
D000002: fork/exec /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.postinst ( configure
2.04-1ubuntu26.8 )
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.8.0-43-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.8.0-43-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.8.0-41-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.8.0-41-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.8.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.8.0-38-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-24-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-24-generic
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings
done
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
D000002: fork/exec /var/lib/dpkg/info/man-db.postinst ( triggered
/usr/share/man )

Please paste what you see, and it should give us some clues to where
things are going wrong.

On Sat, Feb 13, 2021 at 2:01 PM John Jason Jordan <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On Sat, 13 Feb 2021 11:18:10 -0500
> Tomas Kuchta <[email protected]> dijo:
>
> >This could be a side-effect of using/copying hard drive from the past
> >Ubuntu installations. If that is the case the problem is likely unique
> >to one of the past distribution updates such as 14.xx --> 16.xx or -->
> >18.xx. it might be worth it to search old stuff grub/efi issues.
>
> I already considered that, but there are a couple issues with that
> assumption:
>
> 1) Right after moving 18.04 to the new Thinkpad I did not have this
> error. But it did appear before I did the dist-upgrade from 18.04 to
> 20.04.1. If I recall correctly, 18.04 was copied from the old computer
> at the Clinic in December, 2019, and the grub error did not occur until
> the middle of the summer, and the dist-upgrade to 20.04 had to wait
> until Ubuntu released it for upgraders, in late October.
>
> 2) I read through (many pages) of /var/log/dmesg with Mousepad and
> didn't see any error messages that looked like they might have
> something to do with grub. I was also especially interested in seeing if
> I could find an explanation for why the computer takes so long to boot -
> over 30 seconds, when all the local drives are NVMe. I also searched
> the entire file for 'grub' and found nothing.
>
> This is a grub error, so it should have something to do with booting.
> Maybe there is another log of messages I should be looking at.
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