I have looked at the output in a hex editor and there are indeed two new line characters \x0a and no BOM.

I didn't ask about an obvious possible cause: there shouldn't be a blank line or any characters before the first <?php of the scripts.

So, I'd check these two files and all other included files for a blank line before the opening <?php tag, and for a closing ?> tag.

Petko

John Rankin writes:
Your messages seem to indicate that when the wiki loads either includeurl.php, or backup_pages.php, or both, there is exatcly one, not two, blank line ("\n") at the top of the HTML output, but when both recipes are commented out and not loaded, there is no blank line(s).

Can you confirm this?
Almost. If either recipe is loaded, there is one blank line. If both are loaded there are 2 blank lines. Using a regular expression match test, the blank lines match "\n".

If yes, I'd check if this is not some Byte Order Mark (BOM), ie. files were modified with a text editor and saved in "UTF-8 encoding with BOM", while they should be saved "without BOM" in a text editor which allows this.
I asked my user to run a wiki page against the W3C html validator and it doesn't return any validation errors. However, I don't know for sure if presence of a BOM constitutes an html validation error.

I'll ask him to try saving the files without BOM and see what happens. We have found a work-around that fixes the problem for PublishPDF that works for this particular use case, but it is not a general solution, so it would be good to get to the bottom of this.

There is an example at http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php? n=Site.USPatent146407 -- using View Page Source shows 2 blank lines at the start of the html.

If no, I'd check any and all files in the pmwiki/local and pmwiki/cookbook directories for a closing "?>" marker and for a BOM. And all files that the person may have modified in the pmwiki/scripts directory.


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