Scenario: a nameserver is misconfigured such that it doesn't set the "recursion 
available" (ra) bit on its replies. Postfix's relayhost has an A record but no 
MX record, and is specified in main.cf without [] brackets around it.

What I see is that Postfix 2.6.6 looks up the MX record, receives a successful 
negative reply (but with the ra bit unset), and defers with "Host or domain 
name not found. Name service error for name=[REDACTED] type=MX: Host not found, 
try again".

RFC 5321 section 5.1:

The lookup first attempts to locate an MX record associated with the name.  If 
a CNAME record is found, the resulting name is processed as if it were the 
initial name.  If a non-existent domain error is returned, this situation MUST 
be reported as an error.  If a temporary error is returned, the message MUST be 
queued and retried later (see Section 4.5.4.1).

Is a response with 'ra' unset an error? If not, then I'd expect Postfix to 
continue to the "implicit MX" behavior and look up the A record. If so, then I 
guess the observed behavior is correct. What do you think?

Best regards,
-- 
Ben Rosengart
2.3.2 418 I'm a teapot
Any attempt to brew coffee with a teapot should result in the error code
"418 I'm a teapot".  The resulting entity body MAY be short and stout.

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