no men.. no pain..:))..joking...
"Ambon"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To:
<[email protected]>
cc:
03/14/2005 02:47 Subject: Re: [ppiindia] Animal
angst: No brain, no pain?
AM
Please respond to
ppiindia
No pain, no gain!
----- Original Message -----
From: "Mario Gagho" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Sunday, March 13, 2005 8:45 PM
Subject: [ppiindia] Animal angst: No brain, no pain?
>
> Komentar: buat para cowok jagoan, jangan seneng kalau
> anda tahan rasa sakit apalagi kalau tidak merasakan
> sakit sama sekali ketika dipukul, disiksa, dll. karena
> itu tanda anda tidak berotak. setidaknya inilah
> kesimpulan yg ditemukan di bawah ini. (MG)
>
> Animal angst: No brain, no pain?
>
>
>
> Be kind and tender to the Frog,
> And do not call him names,
> As "Slimy skin," or "Polly-wog,"
> Or likewise "Ugly James,"
> Or "Gap-a-grin," or "Toad-gone-wrong,"
> Or "Bill Bandy-knees":
> The Frog is justly sensitive
> To epithets like these.
> No animal will more repay,
> A treatment kind and fair;
> At least so lonely people say
> who keep a frog (and, by the way, they are extremely
> rare).
>
> - Hilaire Belloc
>
> NEWSPAPERS COVERED a recent Norwegian scientific
> report, which said that lobsters, crabs and worms feel
> no pain.
>
> This report, brought out by the Norwegian School of
> Veterinary Science for the Norwegian government, has
> pained the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
> (PETA). PETA calls this study as biased, saying that
> the government does not want to hurt the fishing
> industry. Actually, the Norwegian study, even while
> saying that crustaceans are unlikely to feel pain,
> also cautioned that more research is needed, since
> scientific knowledge on the subject is scarce.
>
> It looked at welfare implications of everything from
> using worms as fish bait, cooking crabs and lobsters
> to keeping bees.
>
> The argument here is that animals with a very simple
> nervous system, with far less than a million neurons
> (nerve cells), and little or no central processing
> system (brain), do not feel pain. They may react to
> threatening stimuli, but there is no evidence that
> they feel pain.
>
> The backbone of pain
>
>
> What does science in general say about pain? The
> International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)
> defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional
> experience associated with actual or potential tissue
> damage, or described in terms of such damage". Note
> the double adjective "sensory and emotional" here.
> Mere sensory is not enough; the activation of pain
> receptors or sensory elements called nociceptors by a
> stimulus is insufficient. It is not considered pain,
> which is always a psychological state as well. In
> other words, IASP clarifies that the only animals
> capable of feeling pain are those that can feel fear,
> anxiety, distress and terror.
>
> This definition then pretty much draws the pain line
> as one that separates the invertebrates as non-feelers
> from vertebrates that feel pain. Invertebrates are
> animals, which lack a backbone or spinal nerve cord.
>
> Worms, insects, crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, crab)
> and molluscs (clams, snails) are invertebrates, and
> they are not included in legislation concerning
> cruelty to animals.This pain line has been drawn based
> on three basic arguments, namely the evolutionary
> function of pain, complexity of neural systems, and
> behavioural features. Pain is realised in biology as
> an educational tool as well. Vertebrates are
> relatively long-lived creatures and learning shapes
> their behaviour.
>
> Developing behaviour
>
>
> Such learning from pain (and pleasure) helps develop
> their behaviour. In contrast, invertebrates are
> short-lived and their behaviour is largely genetically
> determined.
>
> There is less pressure selecting for the evolution of
> pain here. Recall that their physiology is different
> from ours, and that they diverged from the line of
> vertebrates hundreds of millions of years ago.
> Invertebrates also have small nervous systems and an
> apology for brains. And since their nervous systems
> are distributed in the body, they have little or no
> cognitive capacity - a must for emotional response.
> Again, none of the invertebrates show few, if any, of
> the behaviour we would call emotion.
>
> They are cannibals (many eat their young). They
> continue normal activity even after severe injury.
> These lead some to chant - "no brain, no pain" or "no
> spine, no pain".
>
> What about cephalopods such as cuttlefish, squid and
> octopus? They appear a little more advanced, they have
> longer nervous systems, and apparently capable of some
> learning.
>
> But it is not clear whether they make any
> `pain-specific' signals. It is thus likely that as we
> learn more about them, we may find evidence suggesting
> that they are capable of feeling pain. A comprehensive
> comparison and summary on the issue is given by Dr.
> Gary Varner in his book "In Nature's Interest?
> Interests, Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics",
> published in 1998 by the Oxford University Press.
>
> He compares the presence of six features among
> invertebrates (worms, insects and cephalopods) and
> among vertebrates (fish, herps such as frogs and
> toads, birds and mammals).
>
> These six items are: nociceptors (pain sensors),
> central nervous system (CNS), nociceptors connected to
> CNS, endogenous opioids (pain killing chemicals within
> the body) response to damaging stimuli analogous to
> humans, and responses modified by analgesics (pain
> killers like aspirin, paracetamol).
>
> Appropriate conclusion
>
>
> Earthworms and insects score zero on five of these,
> though they seem to have some opioids. But unlike
> frogs, fish, birds and mammals, they do not have
> pain-transmitting chemicals such as bradykinin and
> Substance P. Given all this data, it appears
> appropriate to conclude that worms, insects, crabs and
> lobsters do not feel pain, with cephalopods, which
> score 3 out of the above six features, the situation
> is yet unclear. But fish and frogs (4/6 each), and
> birds and mammals emote, and feel pain and pleasure.
>
> The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
> Animals (RSPCA) has this to say about fish: "There is
> little to support the supposition that animals with
> larger brains experience pain in a more meaningful way
> than those with smaller brains; simply that they use
> neural structures similar to our own to interpret it."
>
>
> "There is no reason to believe that fish are not
> achieving the same processing effect in other parts of
> the Central Nervous System. All the fundamental
> structures and modulation processes necessary to
> achieve a perception of pain are present in fish."
> They are right about fish, but extending this to
> invertebrates like lobsters, as PETA has done, might
> not be.
>
> Plants feelingless
>
>
> Lastly, we can now say with confidence that plants
> cannot feel pain or pleasure, since they do not have
> CNS or even neurons. They do not have bradykinin or
> substance P, though some plants (e.g., philodendron)
> have chemicals that activate bradykinin in animals,
> which eat them (self-defence by the plant).
>
> Some others (potatoes) contain bradykinin-inactivating
> chemicals or Substance P inhibitors (capsaicin in hot
> peppers), thus acting as painkillers.
>
> Plants react to stimuli, of course, but to empower
> them with feelings is an anthropomorphic transfer
> reaction, romantic but not realistic.
>
> D. Balasubramanian
>
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>
>
>
> Mario Gagho
> Political Science,
> Agra University, India
> ---------
> A WINNER works harder than a loser and has more time.
> A LOSER is always "too busy" to do what is necessary.
>
>
>
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