A grim tourist hot spot: Chernobyl
By C.J. Chivers The New York Times
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 15, 2005
PRIPYAT, Ukraine Sometime after visiting the ruins of the Polissia
Hotel, the darkened Energetic theater and the idled Ferris wheel, the minivans
stopped again. Doors slid open. Six young Finnish men stepped out and followed
their guide through a patch of temperate jungle that once was an urban
courtyard.
Branches draped down. Mud squished underfoot. A cloud of mosquitoes
rose to the feast. The men stepped past discarded gas-mask filters to the
entrance of a ghostly kindergarten. They fanned out with cameras and began to
work.
Much was as the children and their teachers had left it 19 years
ago. Tiny shoes littered the classroom floor. Dolls and wooden blocks remained
on shelves. Soviet slogans exhorted children to study, to exercise, to prepare
for a life of work.
Much had also changed. Now there is rot, broken windows, rusting
bed frames and paint falling away in great blisters and peels. And now there
are tourists, participating in what may be the strangest vacation excursion
available in the former Soviet space: the package tour of the Chernobyl
exclusion zone, scene of the worst civilian disaster of the nuclear age.
A 30-kilometer, or 19-mile, radius around the infamous power plant,
the zone has largely been closed to the world since Chernobyl's Reactor No. 4
exploded on April 26, 1986, sending people to flight and exposing the Communist
Party as an institution wormy with hypocrisy and lies.
For nearly 20 years it has been a dark symbol of Soviet rule. Its
name conjures memories of incompetence, horror, contamination, escape and
sickness, as well as the party elite's disdain for Soviet citizens, who were
called to parade in fallout on May Day while the leaders' families secretly
fled.
Now it is a destination, luring people in.
"It is amazing," said Ilkka Jahnukainen, 22, as he wandered the
empty city here that housed the plant's workers and families, roughly 45,000
people in all. "So dreamlike and silent."
The word Chernobyl also long ago became a dreary, shopworn joke,
shorthand for contaminated wasteland. But contamination here is uneven. And
most of the zone is far cleaner than it was in 1986, when radiation levels were
strong enough in places to kill even trees.
A lethal exposure of radiation ranges from 300 to 500 roentgens an
hour; levels in the tour areas vary from 15 to several hundred microroentgens
an hour.
A microroentgen is one-millionth of a roentgen, and
Chernobylinterinform, the zone's information agency, says its chaperoned tours
do not carry health risks. Dangers lie in long-term exposure.
Still, the zone has many more radioactive spots than those where
tourists typically go. So there are rules, which Yuriy Tatarchuk, a government
interpreter who served as the Finns' guide, listed.
Don't stray. Stay on concrete and asphalt, where exposure risks are
lower than on soil. Don't touch anything. (This one proved impossible. Tours
involve climbing cluttered staircases and stepping through debris. Handholds
are inevitable.)
No matter its inconveniences or potential for medical worry, the
zone possesses the allure of the forbidden and a promise of rare, personal
insights into history. Its popularity as a destination is increasing. Few
tourists came in 2002, the year it opened for such visits, according to Marina
Polyakova, of Chernobylinterinform. In 2004 about 870 arrived, and an equal
number is expected this year, she said.
One-day group excursions cost from $200 to $400, including
transportation and a meal.
The tour on Saturday began with a drive through meadows, marshes
and forest, a belt of green broken by glimpses of gap-roofed houses and
crumbling barns.
It is what Mary Mycio, a Ukrainian-American lawyer in Kiev and
author of a soon-to-be published book, "Wormwood Forest: A Natural History of
Chernobyl," calls a "radioactive wilderness," an accidental sanctuary populated
by wolves, boars and endangered birds. Its beauty cannot be overstated.
Soon reminders of the grim history appeared. The tour stopped at a
graveyard of vehicles and helicopters used to fight Chernobyl's fires.
Roughly 2,000 radioactive machines are parked here - fire trucks,
ambulances, armored vehicles, trucks, aircraft. Two tourists slipped through
the barbed wire and wandered the junkyard, taking pictures for a Web site they
plan to make of the trip. The rest roamed the edge, awed.
"I cannot find words," said Juha Vaittinen, 22.
The minivans then headed to Chernobyl proper for a briefing on the
accident. Next stop: the nuclear plant and "sarcophagus," the
concrete-and-steel shell built to contain Reactor No. 4's radioactive spew.
Tatarchuk held up a radiation detector - 470 microroentgens an hour.
The Finns posed for a group shot.
The most popular destination came last: Pripyat, a city left
behind.
"Heralded as the world's youngest city when it opened its doors in
the mid-1970s," Mycio writes in her book, "Pripyat also turned out to be its
shortest lived."
The city was encased on this day in a silence broken by breezes
sighing through rustling trees. A heavier hush resided in buildings, where
drops of water plopped loudly into puddles, and glass squeaked as it broke
underfoot. Built on marshes, the place smelled of peat.
Its contamination has become uneven. At the amusement park, near
idled bumper cars, Tatarchuk's monitor registered 144 microroentgens an hour.
He moved a meter away, to a mat of damp green moss. It read 823. "Stay off the
moss," he said.
The moss is all around. Pripyat, both a time capsule of the Soviet
Union and a monument to its folly and pain, is being consumed. What looters
have not sacked or stolen succumbs now to the elements and to time.
A caf� patio atop the Polissia Hotel, offering views to the reactor
that ruined this place, has been colonized by birch trees. One stands roughly
two meters tall, climbing skyward from a crack between the high-rise's tiles.
Fine views of Pripyat are available from among these misplaced
trees, including one in the direction of the reactor that reveals an empty
clinic bearing an enormous sign.
"The health of the people," it reads, "is the wealth of the
country."
Tatarchuk, looking down over buckling rooftops, repeated those
words in Russian, then allowed himself a knowing, head-shaking smile.
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