A fatwa (Arabic: ÝÊæì) plural 'fataawa', is a legal pronouncement in Islam,
issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. Usually a fatwa is
issued at the request of an individual or a judge to settle a question where
fiqh, Islamic jurisprudence, is unclear. A scholar capable of issuing fataawa
is known as a Mufti.
Because there is no central Islamic priesthood, there is also no unanimously
accepted method to determine who can issue a fatwa and who cannot, leading some
Islamic scholars to complain that too many people feel qualified to issue
fatwas.
In both theory and practice, different Islamic clerics can issue contradictory
fatwas. What happens then depends on whether one lives in a nation where
Islamic law (sharia) is the basis of civil law, or if one lives where Islamic
law has no legal status. It should be noted that many nations in which Muslims
make up a majority of the population do not recognize Islamic law as the basis
of civil law.
In nations based on Islamic law, fatwas by the national religious leadership
are debated before being issued and are decided upon by consensus. In such
cases, they are rarely contradictory, and they carry the status of enforceable
law. If two fatwas are contradictory, the ruling bodies (which combine civil
and religious law) effect a compromise interpretation which is followed as law.
In nations that do not recognize Islamic law, religious Muslims are often
confronted with two competing fatwas. In such a case, they would follow the
fatwa of the leader in the same religious tradition as themselves. Thus, for
example, Sunni Muslims would not hold to the fatwa of a Shiite cleric.
Fatwa
Arabic: fatwâ
Fatwa is a legal statement in Islam, issued by a mufti or a religious lawyer,
on a specific issue.
Fatwas are asked for by judges or individuals, and are needed in cases where a
issue of fiqh is undecided or uncertain. Lawsuits can be settled on the basis
of a fatwa.
It is vital that a fatwa is not based upon the muftis or lawyers own will and
ideas, he must render it in accordance with fixed precedent.
Today, fatwas have limited importance in most Muslim societies, and are
normally used only in cases of marriage, inheritance and divorce. The
importance of a fatwa depends on its acceptance among most people, and if
people don't care about it, it is in reality powerless.
tony picasso <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> schrieb:Perbedaan pendapat mengenai fatwa dr
MUI, menurut saya OK2 saja.
Ini ada sedikit cuplikan mengenai Fatwa yg saya ambil dr Islamic dictionary:
fatwa
An Islamic decree issued by a mufti or a religious lawyer on a specific issue.
A fatwa has no weight unless accepted by the community of scholars; their
consensus is recognized as legal opinion to be followed. Islam has no central
authority, which allows diversity of opinion, though major scholars agree on
core issues.
partogi samosir <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
maaf saudara hewlett, saya overlooked. terima kasih untuk infonya saudara tony.
however, apakah saudara tony dan hewlett ingin menyatakan bahwa para tokoh
Islam itu secara tidak sadar telah melakukan pembusukan salah satu sendi-sendi
Islam? Padahal bobot pemahaman keislaman beliau2 itu sudah sangat tinggi?
togi
tony picasso <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Jelas tidak, kalau anda baca kembali dg teliti, anda akan jumpai satu paragraph
dr sdr. Hewlett yg berbunyi spt ini:
"kalau ada orang Islam yg mengkritik dan mnghujat tugas dan fungsi MUI,
secara tidak sadar orang itu telah melakukan pembusukan salah satu
sendi-sendi Islam".
So 4 orang yg anda sebut tdk akan pernah digolongkan kufur bin kafir oleh sdr.
Hewlett, dan bagi para Muslim sendiri. Dan saya kira anda tahu yg dimaksudkan
kufur bin kafir oleh sdr. Hewlett!
partogi samosir <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
1. Prof. Dr. Azyumardi, Rektor Univ. Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah - Jakarta
mengatakan, fatwa MUI bertentangan dengan prinsip Islam.
2. KH Hasyim Muzadi, Ketua Umum PBNU mengatakan bahwa fatwa MUI itu merupakan
langkah mundur.
3. Prof. Dawam Rahardjo, tokoh utama penggagas ekonomi Islam, menilai MUI
mengalami kesesatan berpikir dan bertindak.
Apakah mereka berempat termasuk orang2 kufur bin kafir?
Kalau ya, quo vadis Islam di Indonesia.
togi
HewLeTT <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
sampai akhir jaman, kufur bin kafir nggak akan pernah senang dan
merasa lega hatinya kalau nggak mengganggu orang2 muslim. sejarah
telah membuktikan Islam itu tidak henti digempur oleh alkafirun2 dari
segala penjuru.
mereka mahir mempermainkan kata dan lidah untuk mengacaukan
iman dan kepercayaan seorang muslim.
seperti tuduhan2 yg menyatakan MUI melakukan kejahatan. tudingan
mereka sebetulnya mengarah pada serangan akan ajaran Islam. kita
tahu MUI - terelepas dari kekurangan institusi ini - adalah lembaga Islam
yang menelurkan fatwanya atas dasar Quran dan Hadis. jadi kalau ada
orang muslim yg mencaci keputusan yg berdasarkan Quran dan Hadis,
sama artinya telah melawan nilai2 kandungan Islam.
(para kafir2 itu senang hatinya org islam sendiri mengutuki MUI).
memang kita tahu, kesalahan MUI selama ini ialah fatwa2 yg mereka
keluarkan banyak tidak pada waktu dan tempat yg sesuai. manakala
kita memerlukan dukungan fatwa dari MUI, MUI tidak berbuat apa-apa.
terlalu banyak kejahatan yg dibuat oleh negara atau individu pada bangsa
ini, tapi MUI melempem saja. jadi sebetulnya kritik lebih tepat diarahkan
pada individu pada MUI, bukan fungsi dan tugas2 MUI itu.
kalau ada orang Islam yg mengkritik dan mnghujat tugas dan fungsi MUI,
secara tidak sadar orang itu telah melakukan pembusukan salah satu
sendi-sendi Islam.
kalau alkafirun model carla annamarie mengkritik dan mnghujat MUI,
kita mah maklum saja. alkafirun beginian sampai akhir jaman akan tetap bermuka
dua hingga akhir jaman. itu sudah diwanti-wanti di Quran buat orang Islam.
jadi kita tak perlu heran.
HP
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