Refleksi: Indonesia berpenduduk 230.000.000 orang. Jumlah tenaga dokter di
Indonesia sesuai Biro Pusat Statistik hingga bulan juni 2001 adalah sebanyak
26,917 orang, Perinciannya adalah:
1998 1999 2000
2001
Ahli 7188 9521 6039
6039
Dokter umum 17829 16014 15428
15428
Dokter gigi 6447 6051 5450
5450
++++
----- Original Message -----
From: "quintin19982000" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sent: Tuesday, August 23, 2005 11:07 PM
Subject: [World/Politics] Fidel at the first graduation of the Latin American
School of Medicine
Speech given by Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz, President of the Republic of
Cuba, at the first graduation of students from the Latin American
School of Medicine. Karl Marx Theatre, August 20, 2005
Excellencies and dear friends who, in representation of the
countries that are home to the doctors who graduate here today,
honor us with your presence;
Tenacious and dedicated young people who graduate today as a new
class doctor, and their families;
Professors and workers of the Latin American School of Medicine;
Dear compatriots from Cuba, the Caribbean and Latin America;
Distinguished guests:
Almost seven years ago this graduation ceremony was merely a dream.
Today, it is a confirmation of the power of human beings to reach
the loftiest of goals, and it is truly a prize for those of us who
believe that a better world lies within our grasp.
The idea was born when the news services began to report that
Hurricane Mitch had taken the lives of more than 40 000 people in
Central America. We proposed to send a medical corps that would
save, on a yearly basis, as many lives as those which had been taken
by the hurricane. We did not hesitate to do this, even though we
were still enduring the worst of the Special Period. It was made
possible because, even in the midst of those terrible tribulations
that followed the collapse of the socialist block and the USSR,
which deprived us from all outside cooperation, and at a time when
the world had given up our cause for lost, the Revolution never
ceased, for one moment, creating human capital.
Together with the idea of helping Central America by sending over
thousands of doctors, the Latin American School of Medicine sprang
into being, with the aim of progressively replacing the Cuban
medical personnel with local doctors, as the former completed their
missions. Today this school, with its ever-expanding development,
helps to train doctors not only in Central America, but also in
other parts of the world.
Looking back in retrospect, we remember that before January 1, 1959,
a bloody and repressive regime closed down hundreds of our
institutions of higher education, including the only Medical School
at the University of Havana.
Most of the graduates came from economically secure families. Half
of the doctors, lured by the United States, abandoned their
threatened and assaulted Homeland. Only three thousand doctors and a
reduced number of Professors of Medicine stayed. Alongside them we
began to build what we have today.
Because of this, only a handful of students graduated as doctors
during the first years following the triumph of the Revolution. The
first graduation of young doctors who had begun their studies after
January 1, 1959 took place on November 14, 1965.
Our armed struggle in the eastern range of the Sierra Maestra had
ended hardly six years earlier. With memories of that conflict fresh
in my mind, I invited that group of 400 young people who were
completing their medical studies to hold the graduation ceremony on
the highest peak in that range and in Cuba, at an altitude of two
thousand meters, that is, at the Turquino Peak.
Today, as I stand before you in this theatre, the words that I spoke
to those graduating doctors on the summit of that steep mountain
seem unreal.
After underlining some paragraphs from that speech, I cannot resist
the temptation to repeat some of the things that I said then
tonight, when a group of 1,610 doctors are graduating from the Latin
American School of Medicine, including graduates from the Caribbean
who studied in other Cuban universities.
At that time, we were also victims of constant pirate attacks and
acts of terrorism directed against our country, which were organized
by the government of the United States.
This is what I said to those young people at the time: ´In this
journey, many of you had the opportunity to understand many things,
things unspoken, without indoctrination, without speeches,
transmitted in this soundless but highly eloquent language that
speaks of social and human realities. I am sure that rather than
abstract ideas, inclinations, vocation, and the natural condition of
each and every one of you -which are unquestionably good - the
factor that will make you live up to your duties and always act the
best way possible, will be the attitude of the peasants of these
mountains, the type of men and women that you have seen here; the
goodness, friendliness, generosity, solidarity, appreciation, and
gratitude of men, women, children and elderly people who have
worked, grown and lived under such difficult conditions in these
mountains; their truly spontaneous gestures, the flowers with which
they welcomed you, the fruits of their harvests, the coffee, the
water, their willingness to help you, their cooperation in all types
of organization, their high regard for doctors. ¨
The oath taken by these graduating students, its internationalist
and revolutionary spirit...all of this must be very painful to the
enemy. Perhaps they tried to minimize this in some way, so last
night, according to the news we received this morning at
approximately 12:45 a.m., a pirate boat opened fire on the coast, in
the area of Lagunas Street in Havana. Three or four minutes later,
another pirate boat, apparently searching for the President's
residence, opened fire and caused great damage with machine gun fire
on the National Aquarium building. This happened just today.¨
I will try to make a brief summary of the results of our efforts
with regard to the training of personnel and the development of
medical sciences all along these years for the distinguished guests
who honor us with their presence as well as for all those who are
also present here at this graduation ceremony.
Medical doctors who graduated in our country following the triumph
of the Revolution:
. During the decade 1960-1969: 4,907.
. During the second decade, 1970-1979: 9,410
. During the third decade, 1980-1989: 22,490.
. During the fourth decade, 1990-1999: 37,841.
. During the fifth decade, 2000-2004: 9,334
The total reaches 83,982. Three thousand six hundred and twelve out
of this big total have come from other countries. We must also add
the 1 905 Cuban doctors graduating this year, which means that the
total actually reaches 85,887.
Nowadays the method used to train doctors is radically different.
Before the Revolution, the size of school classes was huge,
practical lessons were minimal, and the fundamentals of basic
sciences were virtually non-existent. Students were able to graduate
without having ever directly examined a patient or assisted
childbirth. The curriculum was mainly aimed at curing patients and
the private practice of the profession. These features were far
removed from the health problems, thus affecting the country. The
word `prevention' was hardly ever used. On average, 300 doctors and
30 stomatologists graduated each year.
Today the number of youth from Cuba and from other countries around
the world, who are ever more united in the struggle for a more just
and humane future, is rising considerably in the different areas
required by a logical and efficient public health system.
During the academic year 2004-2005, the students' breakdown was as
follows:
. Medicine: 28.071
. Stomatology: 2.758
. Nursing: 19.530
. Health Technology: 28.400
Current students' sum total: 78.759.
Currently, 11 154 medical students from 83 different countries are
studying for their degree in our country:
. 5.500 come from South American countries
. 3.244 come from Central American countries
. 489 come from Mexico and North America, including 65 young
people coming from the United States and two from Puerto Rico.
. 1,039 come from the Caribbean
. 777 come from Sub-Saharan Africa
. 42 come from 6 countries in Northern Africa and the Middle
East
. 61 come from Asia
. 2 come from Europe
The Latin American countries with the largest numbers of students in
Cuba are:
1. Venezuela 889
2. Honduras 711
3. Guatemala 701
4. Paraguay 641
5. Brasil 629
6. Bolivia 567
7. Nicaragua 560
8. Ecuador 551
9. Colombia 545
10. Perú 532
>From the Caribbean:
11. Haiti 676
12. The Dominican Republic 403
13. Jamaica 134
14. Guyana 117
15. Belize 79
16. Saint Lucia 69
Today we have the enormous satisfaction of seeing you, 1 610 new
doctors, graduate:
. 495 from South America
. 771 from Central America
. 343 from the Caribbean
. 1 from the U.S.A.
Over the past seven years our battle for solidarity and for the
training of doctors from Cuba and from other sister nations has been
intense and ever-increasing.
The means and the methodology have been incredibly revolutionized,
and theoretical and practical training has considerably surpassed
that which had traditionally prevailed throughout history. It would
be more accurate to say that the traditional form of training has
been improved several times over.
While in the past there was only one university hospital, now all
hospitals fall into the honorable category of university hospitals.
What is more: today, any of the 444 polyclinics which offer primary
medical care can also serve as medical training centers. With the
support of audio visual aids and interactive computer software, plus
the assistance of dozens of specialists, Master degree and even
PhD's holders, our results can compare and are even superior to
those achieved by past methods used to train those who must ensure
the health and well-being of the people.
Seven months ago I had the great satisfaction of meeting with 300
young people from Haiti, Guatemala and Honduras, who were in the
midst of their last semester of studies and were about to return to
their respective countries to work alongside brigades of Cubans
specialized in General Comprehensive Medicine, who were working in
the most far-flung corners of this region. They were accompanied by
50 young Cubans from the same level of studies. The results have
been impressive. I promised them that I would attend their
graduation ceremony, and here they are, as part of this very crowd,
standing shoulder to shoulder like Spartan soldiers of Medicine,
brandishing their victorious shields.
Glory be to these young people! Glory be to these new saviors of
lives who are taking this noble medical profession to new heights of
dedication and ethics, never before seen in this world! They embody
the kind of doctors claimed for with desperate urgency by billions
of people.
However, everything that I have said so far pales in comparison to
the colossal movement that is being promoted by Venezuela and Cuba
to train doctors ready to march in the vanguard of the Bolivarian
dawn. Thanks to this, and as part of the ¨Barrio Adentro¨ Mission
developed by President Hugo Chavez, 22,043 Venezuelan under-
graduates have now embarked on their pre-med studies in the 7,898
Barrio Adentro surgeries, in close cooperation with the Venezuelan
Ministries of Higher Education and Public Health.
On October 3, they will begin their first-year studies in Medicine.
In only ten years time, 40 thousand will be graduating.
Likewise, in Cuba we are developing a program to educate, in an
equal length of time, 20 thousand Venezuelan doctors from the Ribas
Mission and from high-schools, as well as 30 thousand doctors from
Latin American and Caribbean countries. These programs are available
to young people from Latin American and the Caribbean who have not
been able to study in the best high schools or been able to secure
entry into medical schools due to their humble backgrounds.
Training a medical doctor in the United States will cost the family
no less than 300 000 dollars. Cuba, however, is presently training
more than 12 000 doctors for the Third World, thus contributing to
the well-being of these countries, to a value of more than three
billion dollars. If we train or help to train 100 000 doctors from
other countries in a period of ten years, we will be contributing
the equivalent of 30 billion U.S. dollars, despite the fact that
Cuba is a small, Third World nation suffering from an economic
blockade imposed by the United States.
What is the secret? It lies in the solid fact that the human capital
is worth far more than the financial capital. Human capital involves
not only knowledge, but also - and this is essential - conscience,
ethics, solidarity, truly humane feelings, spirit of sacrifice,
heroism, and the ability to make a little go a long way.
These vast figures of which I speak are real and have their price in
the capitalist market, but they do not require extensive material
resources and can be, in fact, within the grasp of any country.
Venezuela and Cuba are cooperating together in one of the most
exciting programs ever implemented: to return or preserve the sight
of more than six million people in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Conditions have been created in Cuba, and are being developed in
Venezuela, to diagnose, operate on or cure 25 000 people from the
Caribbean, 100 000 from Cuba, 100 000 from Venezuela and 120 000
from South and Central America each year.
As a matter of fact, this program is already underway in 14 of the
24 ophthalmologic institutions that will become operational in our
country by the end of this year. They have been equipped with the
most advanced world-class technology available. Our country is now
performing 1,500 eye surgeries per day.
This year we have reached the figure of 50 000 Venezuelans from the
Barrio Adentro Mission who have undergone eye surgery as from the
middle of January up until today, August 20. In less than a month 1
093 people from the Caribbean have received the same treatment, by
virtue of the Agreements signed at the Venezuelan state of
Anzoátegui, on June 30 last.
It is important to note that every year, more than four and a half
million people from Latin America and the Caribbean require this
service, but do not receive it due to conditions of poverty, and
more than half a million each year loose their sight, often without
ever having been examined by a doctor.
Just as I did 40 years ago, please allow me to dream. The only
difference being that now, after half a century of struggle, I am
absolutely sure that no-one can say of our dreams what Calderon de
la Barca once said: ¨life is but a dream, and dreams, they are but
dreams as well. ¨
Let us march forward! Forward, all of you invincible standard-
bearers of such a noble profession, in demonstration of the fact
that all the gold in the world cannot subdue the conscience of a
true guardian of health and life, who is ready to go to any country
where its services are required, convinced that a better world is
possible!
EVER ONWARDS TO VICTORY!
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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