[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To: [email protected] From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Fri, 30 Jun 2006 08:59:07 +0700 (WIT) Subject: Re: [IA-ITB] Fwd:
Baju-baju yang menipu Cerita ini sudah beredar sejak lama dan sudah dibantah
kebenarannya berdasarkan keterangan dari stanford univ. nya. Coba tengok:
http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/s/stanford.htm Salam, NS Mico Siahaan
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: To: [email protected] From: Mico Siahaan
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Date: Fri, 30 Jun 2006 09:37:02 +0700 Subject: Re:
[IA-ITB] Fwd: Baju-baju yang menipu Cerita yang bagus, namun sayang bukan
kisah nyata: Dikutip dari situs Stanford University The Rejection That Led to
the Founding of Stanford University Fiction! Summary of the eRumor:
According to the story, two country hicks came to Harvard and wanted to talk
with the president. A haughty secretary resisted the couple and made them wait
for hours. In exasperation, she finally asked the
president to see the visitors, which he did if for no other reason to get rid
of them. The couple told him their son had attended Harvard for a year and he
had loved it, but had been killed in an accident and they wanted to build a
memorial to him. The president discouraged them, saying they couldnt erect a
memorial to every student who had died. The couple said they were thinking of
donating for an entire building in their sons honor. The president
discouraged them and mentioned how much all of the buildings at Harvard were
worth. The lady commented to her husband that if that was all it took to build
a university, they ought to construct their own. So...Mr. and Mrs. Leland
Stanford went to Palo Alto, California and built a school in honor of their
son...a memorial to a student that Harvard no longer cared about.
The Truth: According to Stanford University, this eRumor is not true.
Leland Stanford was once governor of California and in 1876, he bought the
first of what would become more than 8,000 acres of land on the San Francisco
peninsula. Leland and Jane Stanford had one son, Leland, Jr., but he never
attended Harvard. He died at the age of 15 on a family trip to Italy, but from
typhoid fever, not from an accident. Within a few hours of his sons death,
Stanford said to his wife, The children of California shall be our children.
That was the beginning of Stanford University, according to the official
account.
A real example of the Rumor as it has appeared on the Internet: True Story
A lady in a faded gingham dress and her husband, dressed in a homespun
threadbare suit, stepped off the train in Boston and walked timidly without an
appointment into the Harvard University Presidents outer office. The secretary
could tell in a moment that such backwoods, country hicks had no business at
Harvard and probably didnt even deserve to be in Cambridge. She frowned. We
want to see the President, the man said softly.
Hell be busy all day, the secretary snapped.
Well wait, the lady replied. For hours, the secretary ignored them, hoping
that the couple would finally become discouraged and go away. They didnt and
the secretary grew frustrated and finally decided to disturb the President,
even though it was a chore she always regretted.
Maybe if they just see you for a few minutes, theyll leave, she told him.
He sighed in exasperation and nodded. Someone of his importance obviously
didnt have the time to spend with them, but he detested gingham dresses and
homespun suits cluttering up his outer office.
The President, stern-faced with dignity, strutted toward the couple. The lady
told him, We had a son who attended Harvard for one year. He loved Harvard. He
was happy here. But about a year ago, he was accidentally killed. And my
husband and I would like to erect a memorial to him, somewhere on campus.
The President wasnt touched, he was shocked. Madam, he said gruffly. We
cant put up a statue for every person who attended Harvard and died. If we
did, this place would look like a cemetery.
Oh, no, the lady explained quickly. We dont want to erect a statue. We
thought we would like to give a building to Harvard.
The president rolled his eyes. He glanced at the gingham dress and homespun
suit, then exclaimed, A building! Do you have any earthly idea how much a
building costs? We have over seven and a half million dollars in the physical
plant at Harvard.
For a moment the lady was silent. The president was pleased. He could get rid
of them now. And the lady turned to her husband and said quietly, Is that all
it costs to start a university? Why dont we just start our own? Her husband
nodded.
The Presidents face wilted in confusion and bewilderment. And Mr. and Mrs.
Leland Stanford walked away, traveling to Palo Alto, California where they
established the university that bears their name, a memorial to a son that
Harvard no longer cared about.
You can easily judge the character of others by how they treat those who can
do nothing for them or to them.
For more information:
http://www.stanford.edu/home/stanford/history/begin.html Stanford website with
details on the beginning:
Stanford University History The Founding of the University
Prologue In November 1769, Captain Gaspar de Portolas expedition to find
and fortify the port of Monterey for Spain found instead San Francisco Bay. The
party worked its way down the peninsula and camped on the bank of San
Francisquito Creek near the giant California Coast Redwood that later travelers
came to call El Palo Alto, or the high tree in Spanish. The tall redwood was
a familiar landmark to the native Ohlone Indians.
From this campsite, on which one corner of the Stanford campus is now
situated, Portolas reconnoitering parties explored the area. Later, from this
same campsite, Francisco de Ortega explored the eastern shore of the Bay. The
old redwood, twin-trunked and well over 100 feet high, was visible for miles.
In 1876, former California Governor Leland Stanford purchased 650 acres of
Rancho San Francisquito for a country home and began the development of his
famous Palo Alto Stock Farm for trotting horses. He later bought adjoining
properties to bring his farm to more than 8,000 acres, land that eventually
became the Stanford campus. The little town that started to grow across El
Camino Real (the old Spanish Kings Road) from the university also took the
name Palo Alto.
Today El Palo Alto is rooted precariously on the east bank of San
Francisquito Creek, close to the old Southern Pacific Railroad tracks. In 1887,
a winter flood rushing down the creek tore off one of the redwoods twin
trunks, but half of the venerable tree lives on, a gaunt and time-scarred
monument. From Stanfords beginning, El Palo Alto has been the universitys
symbol and the centerpiece of its official seal.
The Birth of the University On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened
its doors after six years of planning and building. In the early morning hours,
construction workers were still preparing the Inner Quadrangle for the opening
ceremonies. The great arch at the western end had been backed with panels of
red and white cloth to form an alcove where the dignitaries would sit. Behind
the stage was a life-size portrait of Leland Stanford, Jr., in whose memory the
university was founded.
About 2,000 seats, many of them sturdy classroom chairs, were set up in the
3-acre Quad, and they soon proved insufficient for the growing crowd. By
midmorning, people were streaming across the brown fields on foot. Riding
horses, carriages and farm wagons were hitched to every fence and at half past
ten the special train from San Francisco came puffing almost to the university
buildings on the temporary spur that had been used during construction.
Just before 11 a.m., Leland and Jane Stanford mounted to the stage. As Mr.
Stanford unfolded his manuscript and laid it on the large Bible that was open
on the stand, Mrs. Stanford linked her left arm in his right and held her
parasol to shelter him from the rays of the midday sun. He began in measured
phrases:
In the few remarks I am about to make, I speak for Mrs. Stanford, as well as
myself, for she has been my active and sympathetic coadjutor and is co-grantor
with me in the endowment and establishment of this University...
What manner of people were this man and this woman, who had the intelligence,
the means, the faith and the daring to plan a major university in Pacific soil,
far from the nations center of culture a university that broke from the
classical tradition of higher learning?
Leland Stanford A story of Stanford, the university, is not complete without
a history of Stanford, the man. The fifth of eight children, Leland Stanford
was born in 1824 at the family home on a farm near Albany, New York. Hard work
and schooling filled his early years and in 1848, after three years in an
Albany law firm, he was admitted to practice. In search of greater opportunity,
he went to Port Washington, Wisconsin, on Lake Michigan, to hang out his
shingle. Two years later he married Jane Eliza Lathrop, daughter of a
well-to-do Albany merchant. His practice in Port Washington was successful but
in 1852, after a fire wiped out his office and $3,000 library, his pioneer
spirit sprung into high gear and he joined his five brothers in their
mercantile business in the gold fields of California. Leaving his wife in
Albany, he went to California by way of the Isthmus. He spent two years in the
Stanford Brothers branch store in Michigan Bluff, 30 miles northeast of
Auburn. Life was hard. Stanford slept on the counter under buffalo robes with
his boots for a pillow except when flood waters forced him to hoist sugar
barrels and other articles to the counter for safekeeping. Nevertheless,
Stanford prospered. In three years he bought out the Stanford Brothers store
in Sacramento and he returned to Albany for his wife.
Stanford became the most active member of a small group organizing the
Republican Party in California and was the party candidate for state treasurer
in 1857, and for governor in 1859. There had been no chance for election, but
the party was gaining a foothold. In 1860, he stumped the state for Abraham
Lincoln and then met with the new president in Washington. In 1861, the
California Republican convention nominated Stanford for governor, and he won
decisively after stumping the state with Jane Stanford at his side. Stanford
succeeded not only in holding California in the Union, but also saw to it that
the state contributed substantially to Union victory. Stanford later would be
elected to the U.S. Senate in 1885. He was reelected in 1891, but died in 1893.
Stanfords part in building the first transcontinental railroad was of even
greater importance in keeping America united as a republic. San Francisco
businessmen, well satisfied with the profits they were making from sea routes,
turned their backs on the hazardous undertaking. The steep, snow-covered slopes
of the Sierra Nevada could just as easily turn the builders into bankrupt
paupers as princes of industry. But a group of Sacramento merchants took the
high-stakes gamble and formed the Central Pacific Railroad company to lay track
eastward to connect with the westward-building Union Pacific.
Stanford, who had demonstrated business acumen and qualities of leadership,
was elected president of the venture. Congress voted generous land grants and
bonded loans, but the main sums had to be supplied by the companies. Stanford,
Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins and Charles Crocker emerged as the Big
Four who risked their financial hides and pushed their crews to meet the Union
Pacific at a point as far east as possible. On May 10, 1869, trains of the two
railroads drew together at Promontory, Utah. Leland Stanford wielded a sledge
of Nevada silver to tap a spike of California gold into a polished laurel tie.
The blows heralding completion of the transcontinental railroad were
transmitted over telegraph wire attached to the spike.
Leland Stanford Jr.s birthplace is now a State Park.
A few days later, on May 14, the Stanfords only child, Leland, celebrated
his first birthday, and before he was two the parents and toddler had made
their first trip across the continent by rail. Soon the Stanfords were building
a great mansion in San Francisco in a part of town that was to acquire the name
of Nob Hill. Later, in 1876, they bought the first parcel of land on the San
Francisco Peninsula that would be their celebrated Palo Alto Stock Farm and
later the site of Stanford University.
One of Stanfords greatest pleasures was to drive down the mile-long
eucalyptus-bordered roadway from the Palo Alto home to his breeding
establishment for trotting horses. Using his own theories of blood lines and
training, Stanford developed trotters that set 19 world records. One of the old
red barns with its picturesque white trim still stands and near it, affixed to
the base of a bronze statue of a racing horse, is a plaque listing the
achievements of Stanford trotters. One of these was Electioneer, sire of nine
Palo Alto world champions. He was an unproved stallion when Stanford bought him
against the advice of experts.
Young Leland loved the life on the Palo Alto ranch. He kept dogs and horses,
knew all about the farm machinery and built a miniature railroad with 400 feet
of track on the grounds of the country home. He was a tall, slender youth
taller at 15 than his fathers 5-foot-10 and studious. He spoke French
fluently and, on trips to Europe with his parents, developed his passion for
collecting in art and archaeology.
The family was in Italy in 1884 when Leland contracted typhoid fever. He was
thought to be recovering, but on March 13 at the Hotel Bristol in Florence,
Lelands bright and promising young life came to an end, two months before his
16th birthday.
Stanford, who had remained at Lelands bedside continuously, fell into a
troubled sleep the morning the boy died. When he awakened he turned to his wife
and said,
The children of California shall be our children.
These words were the real beginning of Stanford University.
The Founding Grant The Stanfords returned to America in May and, before
proceeding to Palo Alto, visited Cornell, Yale, Harvard and the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. They talked with President Eliot of Harvard about
three ideas: a university at Palo Alto, a large institution in San Francisco
combining a lecture hall and a museum, and a technical school. Asked which of
these seemed most desirable, Eliot answered, a university. Mrs. Stanford
inquired how much the endowment should be, in addition to land and buildings,
and he replied, not less than $5 million. A silence followed. Finally, Mr.
Stanford said with a smile, Well, Jane, we could manage that, couldnt we?
and a grave Mrs. Stanford nodded her assent.
They settled on creating a great university, one that, from the outset, was
untraditional: co-educational, in a time when most were all-male;
non-denominational, when most were associated with a religious organization;
avowedly practical, producing cultured and useful citizens when most were
concerned only with the former.
Although they consulted with several of the presidents of leading
institutions, the founders were not content to model their university after
eastern schools. Of all the young men who come to me with letters of
introduction from friends in the East, the most helpless are college young
men, Stanford said. As the Stanfords thoughts matured, their ideas of
practical education enlarged until they arrived at the concept of producing
cultured and useful citizens who were especially prepared for personal success
in their chosen professions.
In a statement of the case for a liberal education, Stanford wrote,
I attach great importance to general literature for the enlargement of the
mind and for giving business capacity. I think I have noticed that technically
educated boys do not make the most successful businessmen. The imagination
needs to be cultivated and developed to assure success in life. A man will
never construct anything he cannot conceive.
On November 11, 1885, Stanford called for several stenographers to come from
San Francisco to the country house. Seated on the veranda, he dictated the
Founding Grant without notes. The document, providing the endowment and
defining the scope, responsibilities and organization of the university, was
accepted by the 24 members of the first Board of Trustees on Nov. 14 in San
Francisco. The Founding Grant stands today as the universitys constitution.
It stipulates that the objectives of the university are:
to qualify students for personal success and direct usefulness in life; and
to promote the public welfare by exercising an influence on behalf of humanity
and civilization, teaching the blessings of liberty regulated by law, and
inculcating love and reverence for the great principles of government as
derived from the inalienable rights of man to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.
Having been elected a U.S. Senator earlier in 1885, Stanford left for
Washington shortly after the Founding Grant was made public. However, the
following summer he and Mrs. Stanford were back at Palo Alto conferring with
Francis A. Walker, president of MIT, and Frederick Law Olmsted, the eminent
landscape architect who created Central Park in New York. Olmsted developed the
general plan for long, low buildings connected by arcades to form a double
quad. The actual drawing of the plans was entrusted to Charles Allerton
Coolidge, then 28 years old, the youngest partner of the prominent Boston firm
Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, successors to their mentor H. H. Richardson,
widely acclaimed for his revival of Romanesque architecture.
In April 1887, Coolidge met Stanford with preliminary sketches. The Stanfords
surprised the architect by insisting that the cornerstone be laid on May 14,
the anniversary of Leland Jr.s birth.
What I did, Coolidge recalled later,was to order a spade and a brass band
immediately. On May 14, 300 guests attended the laying of the cornerstone.
There was no brass band, but a choir. Stanford called his wife to his side for
the ceremony and, though tears streamed down her cheeks the entire time, she
held her head high. It was both a solemn and a joyous occasion. The sandstone
block and bronze plaque was built into a corner of the first Inner Quad
building, west of where Memorial Church would eventually stand.
The architect was given a small building on the ranch to house his drafting
boards and a month later more than 100 men were at work on the university
foundations. But the job moved more slowly than anticipated, partly because of
Stanfords senate duties in Washington and a trip to Europe in 1888 for his
health. Finally the opening date was set for October 1, 1891, but it was not
until March of that year that the Stanfords named the university president.
Stanfords First President Go to the University of Indiana; there you will
find the president, an old student of mine, David Starr Jordan, one of the
leading scientific men of the country, possessed of a most charming power of
literary expression, with a remarkable ability in organization and blessed with
good sound sense. Call him.
This was the advice that President Andrew D. White of Cornell gave to the
Stanfords, who earlier had tried to recruit him as the universitys first
president. That same evening the Stanfords headed their private railroad car
for Bloomington.
My first impressions of Leland Stanford were extremely favorable, for even
on such slight acquaintance he revealed an unusually attractive personality,
Dr. Jordan wrote. His errand he explained directly and clearly.... His
education ideas, it appeared, corresponded very closely with my own.
Dr. Jordan went home to discuss the offer with his wife. They were intrigued
by the possibilities of a new university with a new academic plan in a pioneer
state and decided that same day, just six months before the university opened,
to accept. The possibilities were so challenging to one of my temperament that
I could not decline, he said.
For his part, Stanford told a reporter back in California, I might have
found a more famous educator, but I desired a comparatively young man who would
grow up with the University. Jordan, a renowned ichthyologist, was 40.
The choice was a happy one, for Dr. Jordan and Stanford University grew
strong together in his 22 years as president.
The prediction of a New York newspaper that for years to come Stanford
professors would lecture in marble halls to empty benches was immediately
disproved. About 250 students were initially expected, but 465, a third of them
from out of California, were on hand opening day. Dr. Jordan told them and the
throng that assembled for the ceremonies:
It is for us as teachers and students in the Universitys first year to lay
the foundations of a school which may last as long as human civilization.... It
is hallowed by no traditions; it is hampered by none. Its finger-posts all
point forward.
The first student body consisted of 559 men and women, and the original
faculty of 15, seven of them originally from Cornell University, was expanded
to 49 for the second year. From the beginning, Stanford was co-educational and,
like Johns Hopkins and Cornell, followed the German model of providing graduate
as well as undergraduate instruction and stressing research along with
teaching. Dr. Jordan installed the major subject system with electives at the
outset, rather than the more common rigid curriculum of classical studies.
There were many challenges. More professors had to be recruited, housing was
inadequate, microscopes and books were late in arriving from the East, but the
work of the first year was noteworthy. Mrs. Stanford wrote from Europe in the
summer of 1892, Even our fondest hopes have been realized. She could not know
of the deep troubles that were just ahead.
Leland Stanford, in failing health, died in his sleep at the Palo Alto home
early the morning of June 21, 1893. The funeral was held in the open air of the
Universitys Inner Quad. His death threw the university into a severe financial
crisis.
Jane Stanford Mrs. Stanford was from the beginning a full partner with her
husband in the founding of the university. Yet she had remained in his shadow.
Even on the opening day, she could not bring herself to deliver the speech she
had prepared. It was found among her papers after her death.
Her husbands death thrust the full financial responsibility for the
university on Mrs. Stanford, and she took it on with unsuspected strength. The
country was in severe financial panic and her husbands estate was tied up in
probate. Several of her advisers urged her to close the university, at least
temporarily.
After two weeks in seclusion, Mrs. Stanford sent for Dr. Jordan and told him
she had no intention of closing the doors of the university. Together they set
about to keep the university functioning. Expenses were cut. Faculty salaries
were reduced and, where possible, new appointments were canceled. A
long-forgotten insurance policy for $10,000 on the life of Senator Stanford
tided them over one hump. The probate court granted Mrs. Stanford $10,000 per
month allowance from proceeds of the estate, approximately what she was
accustomed to spending on the maintenance of her several households. She
reduced her personal staff from 17 to 3 and her monthly expenses to $350 (about
the equivalent to a professors monthly salary), and turned over the remainder
to Dr. Jordan to keep the university, now her primary household, in operation.
Just when it appeared that piecemeal arrangements would see the university
through, in May 1894 the estate was tied up indefinitely by a federal
government claim of $15 million growing out of construction loans to the
Central Pacific Railroad. The loans were not yet due, but the government sought
to establish stockholder liability. Mrs. Stanford journeyed to Washington and
appealed to President Cleveland for prompt action by the courts. Nearly two
years later, on March 2, 1896, the Supreme Court rejected the federal
governments claims against the Stanford estate. There was a drizzling rain on
the campus the day of the verdict, but it did not hamper a mighty, joyous
student demonstration.
The estate was released from probate in 1898 and the following year, after
selling her railroad holdings, Mrs. Stanford turned over $11 million to the
university trustees. What Dr. Jordan termed six pretty long years had come to
a close. During that time, the future of a university hung by a single thread,
the love of a good woman, Dr. Jordan said.
For his part, Dr. Jordan had kept the university at a high level of
achievement, partly by skillfully applying the small funds available and partly
by his inspirational personality. Now he expected to move quickly to build the
academic program he had envisioned for the university. Mrs. Stanford, on the
other hand, was eager to see constructed during her lifetime the rest of the
buildings that she and Senator Stanford had planned. Over the next several
years, the Outer Quadrangle was completed, a separate chemistry building was
constructed and the magnificent Memorial Church was built. As Mrs. Stanfords
tribute to her husband, the church was erected as the centerpiece of the Inner
Quad. The location had been reserved for its construction from the beginning.
In 1903, 10 years after Senator Stanfords death, Mrs. Stanford relinquished
to the university trustees control over the universitys affairs that were
given to her, the surviving founder, in the Grant of Endowment. The trustees
elected her to their numbers and made her their president. Mrs. Stanford,
satisfied now that she had built well and adequately, turned with vigor to the
academic program. She addressed the board:
Let us not be afraid to outgrow old thoughts and ways and dare to think on
new lines as to the future work under our care.
But it was not for her to follow this path. Jane Stanford died on Feb. 28,
1905, while on vacation in Honolulu. She was 76. Although an autopsy revealed
evidence of heart disease that may have caused a heart attack, there are
persistent stories that suggest she may have been poisoned. After funeral
services in Memorial Church, students conveyed the casket to the family
mausoleum in the Arboretum.
Dispelling an Urban Myth You may have heard a story that a lady in faded
gingham (Jane Stanford) and a man dressed in a homespun threadbare suit
(Leland Stanford) went to visit the president of Harvard, were rebuffed, and as
a result, went on to found their own university in Palo Alto. This untrue story
is an urban myth, and Stanfords archivist has prepared a response for those
desiring more information:
For what it is worth, there was a book written by the then Harvard
presidents son that may have started the twist on actual events.
Leland Stanford Junior was just short of his 16th birthday when he died of
typhoid fever in Florence, Italy on March 13, 1884. He had not spent a year at
Harvard before his death, nor was he accidentally killed. Following Leland
Juniors death, the Stanfords determined to found an institution in his name
that would serve the children of California.
Detained on the East Coast following their return from Europe, the Stanfords
visited a number of universities and consulted with the presidents of each. The
account of their visit with Charles W. Eliot at Harvard is actually recounted
by Eliot himself in a letter sent to David Starr Jordan (Stanfords first
president) in 1919. At the point the Stanfords met with Eliot, they apparently
had not yet decided about whether to establish a university, a technical school
or a museum. Eliot recommended a university and told them the endowment should
be $5 million. Accepted accounts indicate that Jane and Leland looked at each
other and agreed they could manage that amount.
The thought of Leland and Jane, by this time quite wealthy, arriving at
Harvard in a faded gingham dress and homespun threadbare suit is quite
entertaining. And, as a former governor of California and well-known railroad
baron, they likely were not knowingly kept waiting for too long outside Eliots
office. The Stanfords also visited Cornell, MIT and Johns Hopkins.
The Stanfords established two institutions in Leland Juniors namethe
University and the Museum, which was originally planned for San Francisco, but
moved to adjoin the university.
© Stanford University. All Rights Reserved. Stanford, CA 94305. (650) 723-2300
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