Jika kita baca sejarah Shell di Indonesia, ternyata mereka menggali minyak Indonesia dari tahun 1.885 atau 121 tahun lebih!
Ternyata meski 121 tahun beroperasi dan mayoritas pekerja di perusahaan2 minyak asing adalah putra Indonesia, kita belum bisa mengelola migas kita sendiri. Pertamina hanya mengelola sekitar 10% saja dari ladang migas yang ada. Saya tidak yakin jika itu karena kita kurang mampu. Melihat kasus Blok Cepu di mana Exxon berhasil menyingkirkan Pertamina dari pengelola utama, itu tak lepas dari taktik keji Exxon yang melibatkan pemerintah AS untuk menekan Indonesia serta gelontoran dana seperti disebut guna menyuap bukan hanya ilmuwan, tapi juga pejabat yang terkait. Ada yang bilang cadangan minyak Indonesia tinggal 18 tahun lagi. Artinya bangsa Indonesia tidak akan pernah mengelola sebagian besar ladang minyaknya sendiri. 18 tahun lagi minyak kita habis. Sehebat apa pun kita, tidak akan ada lagi minyak yang bisa kita dapat! Artinya sebagian besar hasil migas akan dinikmati oleh perusahaan2 asing mengingat kontrak mereka masih panjang dan akan terus diperpanjang. http://www.shell.com/home/Framework?siteId=id-en&FC2=/id-en/html/iwgen/about_shell/who_we_are/zzz_lhn.html&FC3=/id-en/html/iwgen/about_shell/who_we_are/history_of_shell_indonesia_0905.html A Brief History of Shell Companies in Indonesia The origins of the oil industry in Indonesia and those of what subsequently became the Royal Dutch/Shell Group are closely connected. Shell's historical links with Indonesia are strong. The discovery of commercial quantities of crude oil in Sumatra just over 100 years ago led directly to the formation of Royal-Dutch Petroleum. The Beginning Aeilko Jans Zijklert, a 20-yer-old tobacco planter in East Java, moved to Sumatra's East Coast in 1880 as soon as government declared this area open for plantations . During his travels around the island, he had come across traces of oil which on analysis proved to contain about 62 per cent paraffin (sometimes called kerosene). Delighted with his discovery, he resigned his position, acquired a licence from the local ruler, the Sultan of Langkat, and by 1884 had raised sufficient money to drill his first well. It was dry. In the following year, he tried again at Telaga Said near the village of Pangkalan Brandan in North Sumatra. This time he was sucessful. He struck oil and his new well, known as Telaga Tunggal No 1, began to produce in commercial quantities. this well is called Telaga Tunggal No. 1, located in the Telaga Said concession area. By 1890, Zijlker felt confident enough to convert his "Provisional Sumatra Petroleum Company" into something more substantial, and on June 16 the company charter of the "Royal Dutch Company for the Working of Petroleum Wells in the Dutch Indies" was executed in The Hague. When Zijklert died in December 27, 1890, his colleague De Gelder tackled the job of finding new oil fields and developing the company. The company's administrative's base was established at Pangkalan Brandan. Work began on building facilities nearby Pangkalan Susu to handle ocean shipments. By 1898, Royal Dutch has completed construction of the storage and harbour facilities that were to make Pangkalan Susu Indonesia's first oil shipping port. Meanwhile in Kalimantan in 1897 Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd. discovered oil in Eastern Borneo (East Kalimantan) and in the same year it set up a small refinery at Balikpapan, which started in 1899. Dawn of the 20th Century By the turn of the century, oil had been discovered in north Sumatra, South Sumatra, Central and Eastern Java and East Kalimantan, and refineries had been established in each area. There were, at that time, 18 companies exploring for, or producing, oil in Indonesia. In the first years of the century, two of these companies emerged as leaders -- Royal Dutch in production and refining and Shell in transportation and marketing. The Shell company had been founded in 1897 by Marcus Samuel, an Englishman who also traded in shells - hence the name of the company - and spices. In 1902 Shell and Royal Dutch formed a joint company to handle shipping and marketing for both firms -- The Shell Transport and Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. Ltd. After a few years in which Royal Dutch far better than Shell, Marcus Samuel proposed to De Gelder from Royal Dutch to merge in which each company . Thus On 24 February 1907, was formed the Royal Dutch/ Shell Group of Companies that was soon known worldwide simply as "Shell". Three years later, in 1910, the Shell group absorbed another producing company in Indonesia and on 24 June 1911 bought out the last independence producer -- The Dordtsche Petroleum Mij -- and Shell's domination of the oil industry in Indonesia was complete. --- Ikranagara <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Padahal Pasal 33 dan 34 UUD kita masih jelas > kata-katanya, bahwa > kekayaan alam kita adalah untuk kesejahteraan > manusia Indonsaia > seluruhnya, dan rakyat yang miskin itu tanggungan > pemerintah, bukan? > Apa kedua pasal itu sudah dihapus dari UUD kita? > > Memang, ada ekonom yang secara tolol membacanya > sehingga > menangkapnya pun salah, lalu teriak lantang > mengusulkan kedua pasal > itu dihapus. Berhasilkah dia melakukan itu> > > Mungkin secara harfiah tidak berhasil, ya? Tapi > nyatanya penguasa > kita, siapa pun nama mereka ini, selama ini tidak > pernah menjalankan > amanat dalam dua pasal itu. Justeru melakukan > pelanggaran- > pelanggaran. Buktinya? Ya, bercokolnya Multunational > Corporations > itu di negeri kita yang seenaknya (baca: seizin > penguasa-penguasa > itu) menikmati kekayaan alam negeri kita, kan? > > Apa bukan saatnya kita sekarang bersuara lurus-lurus > saja: "Hai, > para Penguasa, yang masih berkuasa dan yang sudah > tidak lagi > berkuasa, kalian itu melanggar UUD! Jadi, menurut > UUD kamu itu > mestinya harus digusur dari tampuk kekuasaanmu itu > lho!" > > > Ik.- > > > > > --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], A Nizami <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > wrote: > > > > Kalau ilmuwan AS yang relatif jujur saja bisa > disuap, > > apalagi para ilmuwan dari negara terkorup macam > > Indonesia. Tentu lebih banyak lagi yang dapat > disuap. > > > > Yang disuap tentu bukan hanya para ilmuwan yang > > relatif lebih jujur, tapi juga politikus yang > perlu > > uang untuk kampanye dan menghidupi anggota partai > > mereka termasuk orang2 macam Condolezza Rice atau > > George Bush yang membela kepentingan perusahaan2 > AS. > > > > Jika di AS mungkin hanya masalah Global Warming, > di > > sini mungkin bagaimana perusahaan2 macam Exxon dan > > Freeport bisa menguras migas, emas, dsb secara > cuma2 > > atau biaya seminim mungkin di Indonesia. > > > > Ada seorang lulusan AS yang melobby sehingga Exxon > > yang cuma jadi kontraktor Pertamina di Cepu tiba2 > naik > > jadi pengelola dengan saham mayoritas atau di Blok > > Natuna tidak menyisihkan sepeserpun bagi hasil > untuk > > RI. Demikian pula Freeport yang mengambil bagian > 85% > > dari hasil sementara 220 juta bangsa Indonesia > cukup > > puas hanya dengan 15% (ini juga kalau angkanya > tidak > > dimark-up). > > > > Semoga Indonesia bisa punya pemimpin seperti > Chavez > > dan lebih banyak ilmuwan jujur yang bisa melawan > tipu > > daya ilmuwan tukang. > > > > --- Ikra <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > January 3, 2007 > > > > > > Scientists' Report Documents ExxonMobil's > > > Tobacco-like Disinformation Campaign on Global > > > Warming Science > > > > > > OIL COMPANY SPENT NEARLY $16 MILLION TO FUND > SKEPTIC > > > GROUPS, CREATE CONFUSION > > > > > > > > > WASHINGTON, DC, Jan. 3A new report from the > Union > > > of Concerned Scientists offers the most > > > comprehensive documentation to date of how > > > ExxonMobil has adopted the tobacco industry's > > > disinformation tactics, as well as some of the > same > > > organizations and personnel, to cloud the > scientific > > > understanding of climate change and delay action > on > > > the issue. According to the report, ExxonMobil > has > > > funneled nearly $16 million between 1998 and > 2005 to > > > a network of 43 advocacy organizations that seek > to > > > confuse the public on global warming science. > > > > > > "ExxonMobil has manufactured uncertainty about > the > > > human causes of global warming just as tobacco > > > companies denied their product caused lung > cancer," > > > said Alden Meyer, the Union of Concerned > Scientists' > > > Director of Strategy & Policy. "A modest but > > > effective investment has allowed the oil giant > to > > > fuel doubt about global warming to delay > government > > > action just as Big Tobacco did for over 40 > years." > > > Smoke, Mirrors & Hot Air: How ExxonMobil Uses > Big > > > Tobacco's Tactics to "Manufacture Uncertainty" > on > > > Climate Change details how the oil company, like > the > > > tobacco industry in previous decades, has > > > > > > (1)raised doubts about even the most > indisputable > > > scientific evidence > > > (2)funded an array of front organizations to > create > > > the appearance of a broad platform for a > tight-knit > > > group of vocal climate change contrarians who > > > misrepresent peer-reviewed scientific findings > > > (3)attempted to portray its opposition to action > as > > > a positive quest for "sound science" rather than > > > business self-interest > > > (4)used its access to the Bush administration to > > > block federal policies and shape government > > > communications on global warming > > > > > > ExxonMobil-funded organizations consist of an > > > overlapping collection of individuals serving as > > > staff, board members, and scientific advisors > that > > > publish and re-publish the works of a small > group of > > > climate change contrarians. The George C. > Marshall > > > Institute, for instance, which has received > $630,000 > > > from ExxonMobil, recently touted a book edited > by > > > Patrick Michaels, a long-time climate change > > > contrarian who is affiliated with at least 11 > > > organizations funded by ExxonMobil. Similarly, > > > ExxonMobil funds a number of lesser-known groups > > > such as the Annapolis Center for Science-Based > > > Public Policy and Committee for a Constructive > > > Tomorrow. Both groups promote the work of > several > > > climate change contrarians, including Sallie > > > Baliunas, an astrophysicist who is affiliated > with > > > at least nine ExxonMobil-funded groups. > > > > > > Baliunas is best known for a 2003 paper alleging > the > > > climate had not changed significantly in the > past > > > millennia that was rebutted by 13 scientists who > > > stated she had misrepresented their work in her > > > paper. This renunciation did not stop > > > ExxonMobil-funded groups from continuing to > promote > > > the paper. Through methods such as these, > ExxonMobil > > > has been able to amplify and prop up work that > has > > > been discredited by reputable climate > scientists. > > > > > > "When one looks closely, ExxonMobil's > underhanded > > > strategy is as clear and indisputable as the > > > scientific research it's meant to discredit," > said > > > Seth Shulman, an investigative journalist who > wrote > > > the UCS report. "The paper trail shows that, to > > > serve its corporate interests, ExxonMobil has > built > > > a vast echo chamber of seemingly independent > groups > > > with the express purpose of spreading > disinformation > > > about global warming." > > > > > > ExxonMobil has used the laudable goal of > improving > > > scientific understanding of global warmingunder > the > > > guise of "sound science"for the pernicious ends > of > > > delaying action to reduce heat-trapping > emissions > > > indefinitely. ExxonMobil also exerted > unprecedented > > > influence over U.S. policy on global warming, > from > > > successfully recommending the appointment of key > > > personnel in the Bush administration to funding > > > climate change deniers in Congress. > > > "As a scientist, I like to think that facts will > > > prevail, and they do eventually," said Dr. James > > > McCarthy, Alexander Agassiz Professor of > Biological > > > Oceanography at Harvard University and former > chair > > > of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate > Change's > > > working group on climate change impacts. "It's > > > shameful that ExxonMobil has sought to obscure > the > > > facts for so long when the future of our planet > > > depends on the steps we take now and in the > coming > > > years." > > > > > > The burning of oil and other fossil fuels > results in > > > additional atmospheric carbon dioxide that > blankets > > > the Earth and traps heat. The amount of CO2 in > the > > > atmosphere has increased greatly over the last > > > century and global temperatures are rising as a > > > result. Though solutions are available now that > will > > > cut global warming emissions while creating > jobs, > > > saving consumers money, and protecting our > national > > > security, ExxonMobil has manufactured confusion > > > around climate change science, and these actions > > > have helped to forestall meaningful action that > > > could minimize the impacts of future climate > change. > > > > > > > > > "ExxonMobil needs to be held accountable for its > > > cynical disinformation campaign on global > warming," > > > said Meyer. "Consumers, shareholders and > Congress > > > should let the company know loud and clear that > its > > > behavior on this issue is unacceptable and must > > > change." > > > > > > > > > Dari: > > > > > > > > > ucsusa.org/news/press_release/ExxonMobil-GlobalWarming-tobacco.html > > > > > > UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS > > > Citizens and Scientists for Environmental > Solutions > > > www.ucsusa.org > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > === > > Ingin belajar Islam sesuai Al Qur'an dan Hadits? > > Kirim email ke: > [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > http://www.media-islam.or.id > > > > __________________________________________________ > > Do You Yahoo!? > > Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam > protection around > > http://mail.yahoo.com > > > > > === Ingin belajar Islam sesuai Al Qur'an dan Hadits? Kirim email ke: [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.media-islam.or.id __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! 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