Belum pernah dalam sejarah manusia ada suatu negara yang melesat
maju seperti China. Tidak perlu kita punya pandangan yang negatip atau
mengecilkan ke-majuan China, tapi satu hal punya pengaruh gede yakni
globalisasi.
Rupanya hanya China yang bisa menggunakan faktor globalisasi ini untuk
mengangkat kemajuan negaranya. Tidak semua negara berkembang bisa menggunakan
faktor globalisasi ini untuk kepentingannya. Yang jelas tanpa kita perlu
terperosok dalam anggapan
chauvinistic memang tiap bangsa itu punya bakat-nya masing2.
Disini rupanya, menghadapi globalisasi rakyat China me-"mekar-kan" apa yang
inherent sudah dipunyai, sifat rajin, hemat i,novatip dan berani berkorban
demi mengangkat martabat bangsa dan negaranya.
Harry Adinegara
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Pride and prejudice
By Patrick Chovanec
If Chinese President Hu Jintao and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had
had any spare moments during their time together in Beijing at the weekend,
they might have done worse than view a DVD (unpirated, of course) of Jane
Austen's Pride and Prejudice. The might have recognized in Miss Austen's
drawing room romance some rather striking resemblances to that other great
love-hate saga, the US-China relationship.
For those who have somehow avoided the countless movies and mini-series, much
less the book itself, Pride and Prejudice is the tale of two headstrong
individuals whose own shortcomings blind them to the fact that they are made
for one other. Mr Darcy's puffed up pride prevents him from recognizing Miss
Bennett's obvious virtues, while her own terrible first impressions of Mr Darcy
prejudice Miss Bennett against discovering his true, more generous nature.
The Darcy of our story is China. To be fair, the Chinese have much to be proud
of. Since market reforms began 30 years ago, the country's economy has expanded
14-fold in real terms, and living standards (measured by real per capital gross
domestic product) have risen 10-fold. China's exports are now 90 times greater
than in 1979, transforming a US$2 billion annual trade deficit into a $290
billion surplus. China now holds by far the largest hard currency reserves of
any country in the world, nearly $2 trillion.
By any measure, China has had a spectacular run, and the Chinese know it.
China's runaway gold-medal lead at the Beijing Olympics, its successful manned
space flights, and the relative insulation of its state-owned banks from the
global financial crisis have all reinforced this newfound sense of pride. In
fact, many Chinese see the crisis as proof that the time for the US has passed,
and as an opportunity for China to take its rightful place as the world's new
economic superpower.
In the mid-1980s, when I first came to China, what impressed me most was the
modesty of its people. China, they would tell visitors, has so much to learn
from the rest of the world, so much to improve. Sure, it was flattering to
hear, but it also struck me as pragmatic and smart. That humble but hopeful
attitude, by inspiring Chinese students to learn English and study abroad, by
welcoming foreign investment and expertise, was a vital ingredient in making
China's transformation possible.
Today, pride threatens to erode this advantage. All too many managers I've
encountered in Chinese companies have come to believe, based on the phenomenal
growth of businesses within China, that the world has nothing more to teach
them and is only holding them back out of jealousy. What they fail to realize
is that, for years, China has enjoyed a home court advantage, as foreign
companies flocked there and adapted, often with great difficulty, to doing
business by Chinese rules. Successful Chinese companies may have mastered that
game, but now they face a whole new challenge: building global brands and
managing operations in places where someone else's rules apply. Several have
stumbled, badly, because they assumed they knew it all.
Pride also threatens to obscure China's real interests as a global stakeholder.
The increasingly popular idea that a strong China can "go it alone" is a
dangerous illusion. Any country whose exports account for 40% of GDP will
quickly find that its customers' problems are its own. China's outstanding
economic accomplishments make it more, not less, reliant on the wellbeing of
its trade partners, particularly the United States. As Clinton herself
observed: "We rise or fall together."
Americans may come to find Chinese pride as aggravating as Elizabeth Bennett
found Mr Darcy's, but they suffer from a good dose of Miss Bennett's own flaw,
prejudice. I do not mean racial prejudice, but preconceptions that prevent
Americans from appreciating the real China and engaging it as a full partner.
Again, to be fair, China - like the much misunderstood Mr Darcy - rarely misses
an opportunity to make a bad impression. The Chinese government's harsh
treatment of dissidents, its obsessive secrecy on military matters, and its
hyper-sensitivity to criticism seem tailor-made to fuel American anxiety and
suspicion. So when Americans hear that a Chinese company plans to invest or
make an acquisition in the US, they start having flashbacks to the 1962 movie
on what was seen as the danger from the east, The Manchurian Candidate.
China may not be all Americans wish it to be, but it is no longer the
totalitarian nightmare they imagine. The truth is that China has become a much
more open society than anyone could have possibly imagined 30 years ago.
Economic reform has given birth to a vibrant middle class, who enjoy (and
demand) greater privacy and legal rights than ever before. Americans like to
lecture China on its faults, which are many and real, but they should keep in
mind just how far China has come.
Besides, America needs China. In a world starved for capital, the Chinese are
sitting on an immense pool of funds - the $2 trillion reserves - that could
provide a far more effective stimulus to kick-start the US economy than
anything from Washington. Right now, for lack of a better alternative, those
funds are parked mainly in US Treasury bonds, the least productive use of
capital from both the Chinese and American point of view.
If just a fraction could be unlocked and used, say, to let Chinese companies
acquire bankrupt American businesses, or let individual Chinese investors buy
NYSE stocks or summer homes in the States, the boost could be enormous. Rather
than viewing Chinese investment as a threat, Americans should see it as a
potential godsend.
Of course, not every initiative should be welcomed with open arms. Sometimes
Chinese firms do act as agents of the state, and Huawei's involvement in Bain
Capital's proposed buyout of 3Com last year, for instance, did raise genuine US
concerns over national cyber-security. But Americans cannot afford to display
an unthinking aversion based on an outmoded and inaccurate impression of China.
The ending of Pride and Prejudice is familiar and comforting: after much
squabbling, our two protagonists fall in love and live happily ever after. It
may be too much to expect such a fairy tale conclusion in international
affairs. But perhaps we may hope that, with a little less pride and a little
less prejudice, both sides might demonstrate a bit more sense and sensibility -
and realize just how interdependent they really are.
Patrick Chovanec is an Associate Professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing,
where he teaches MBA courses in US-China trade and investment.
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