http://english.pravda.ru/world/americas/16-03-2009/107239-cluster_bombs-0
16.03.2009
World's leading states justify use of cluster bombs even if they kill children
The US Congress barred the Pentagon from selling cluster bombs to other
countries to prevent casualties among civilians. The decision became the late
action to defend the US authorities against the criticism for their refusal to
sign the Convention on Cluster Munitions, which prohibits the use of cluster
bombs.
Many of world's leading countries signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions in
Norway's Oslo in December 2008. A third of NATO members, including the United
States, refused to sign the document. Israel, India, China, Pakistan and
Finland supported the US at this point. The USA believes that the prohibition
of cluster bombs will aggravate security in the whole world.
Russia did not sign the convention either. Russia's Foreign Ministry said that
cluster bombs as legal weapons played an important role in Russia's defense
interests. "Any munitions are dangerous and inhumane," the ministry said in a
statement.
Cluster munitions or cluster bombs are air-dropped or ground-launched munitions
that eject smaller submunitions: a cluster of bomblets. The most common types
are intended to kill enemy personnel and destroy vehicles. Cruise and ballistic
missiles can also be outfitted with cluster bombs. They are also widely used in
artillery hardware, especially in volley-fire systems. Sweden and France
equipped their armored vehicles with cluster munitions.
Old-pattern cluster bombs have a large effect area, although it is impossible
to give them a precise aiming at a target, especially when they are dropped
from high altitudes. Thousands of unexploded bomblets can therefore be found on
battlefields after military actions.
Five percent of smaller submunitions do not detonate and kill civilians,
including children, for many years after war actions. Furthermore, cluster
bombs are weapons of rapid response, which makes it very difficult to
neutralize them. Italian cluster bombs are considered the most dangerous: it is
impossible to neutralize them even with the help of remote-controlled
countermine systems.
The prohibition of cluster munitions would cause a serious damage to Russia's
defense interests. The above-mentioned convention bans only old-time variants
of cluster munitions, but not the high-tech weapons, which many countries use.
The West has already developed self-guided and GPS-guised cluster munitions.
The Russian arsenal presumably consists of outdated cluster bombs, although if
they are equipped with self-destruction systems, which detonate the ordnance
100 hours after landing.
The first cluster bombs appeared during WWII, but became widely used after the
war. The United States has made the most impressive progress in the development
of cluster bombs since then.
Cluster munitions were used after the Cold War too. BLU-114/B graphite bombs
were used in 1999 in Yugoslavia. NATO used them to destroy Serbian electric
power lines. Over 13,000 cluster munitions were used in Iraq during the first
three weeks of the war. Israel used over 4 million such bombs in 2006 in
Lebanon.
The cluster munitions of potential enemies pose a serious threat to Russia.
Russia would not be prepared for an adequate response at this point.
Sergei Balmasov
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