http://blogs.aljazeera.net/imperium/2010/01/18/islam-not-answer
Islam is not the answer ...
By Marwan Bishara in a..
b.. Middle East
on January 18th, 2010
.
Photo from AFP
Is confronting or reforming Islam the answer to the al-Qaeda challenge?
You probably heard of Osama Bin Laden and al-Qaeda, but have you heard of
Mohammad Badie and the Islamic Brotherhood?
If not, you should reconsider all your assumptions about Islam and al-Qaeda's
terrorism and whether confronting or reforming Islam is the answer to the
al-Qaeda challenge.
The Egyptian Islamic Brotherhood that boasts an estimated half a million
members and commands the support of about on third of the country's population
(no accurate public figures), has over the weekend elected Badie, a 63 year old
scientist, as its leader or "guide".
Imprisoned 4 times for a total over 13 years over the last four decades, the
new leaders belongs to the conservative wing of the movement who began his
journey in prison with its hawkish leadership in the 1960s. However, pragmatic
and disciplined, the movement's reformists and conservatives have rallied
around the new leader.
After his election, Badie spoke unequivocally about the Brotherhood's peaceful
pursuit of social and political agenda, and how under no circumstance it would
seek power through violence.
Most of the other branches of the World's Organization of the Muslim
Brotherhood adhere to the same principles as their Egyptian counterparts,
except in cases of direct foreign military assault or occupation.
Two Interpretations of Jihad
For all practical purpose, al-Qaeda's jihadi doctrine was established by
disenfranchised members of the Muslim Brotherhood, such as Abdullah Azzam the
former head of the Jordanian Brotherhood who rejected the Brotherhood's
peaceful jihadi doctrine.
They abandoned the mother group after its leaders renounced revolutionary
violence following painful confrontations against Arab regimes, and instead
adopted religious, social and political preaching as a way to win hearts and
minds in the Muslim world.
Many of these radical 'brothers' found their way to Afghanistan through the
Brotherhood's networks and later through their own "services bureau" all of
which was supported by the CIA's effort to reverse the Soviet occupation of
Afghanistan at the height of the Cold War.
Once fully organized, al-Qaeda leaders like Ayman al-Zawahiri formerly of the
Egyptian Jihad, accused the Muslim Brotherhood of betraying the cause of Islam
and abandoning their jihad in favour of forming political parties and
supporting modern state institutions.
With the Soviet withdrawal at the end of the Cold War, al-Qaeda turned against
secular or ''apostate'' Arab regimes and against any form of Western presence
(crusaders and Jewish) in the Muslim world, from Andalusia in Spain to Kashgar
in China, in order to establish an Islamic caliphate.
On the opposite side, the Muslim Brotherhood maintain that Arab regimes are not
their nemesis, even if they suppress and oppress it all too frequently.
Instead, they seek constitutional reform and equality for all citizenship for
all religions in rights and responsibilities.
However, totalitarian and authoritarian Arab regimes have consistently pursued
policies of containment or crackdown against the Muslim Brotherhood which they
accuse of deception and the pursuit of Islamic rule.
The violent suppression of the Islamist movement has predictably produced
radical elements that seek and adopt extreme means in dealing with Arab regimes
and their backers. And since 9/11 Arab regimes have exploited the 'War on
terror' to further isolate their Islamists.
Resistance Islamists
The Muslim Brotherhood and al-Qaeda have been vocal about Islamic resistance
movements in the region because of the challenge and opportunity they present
to political Islam.
The Muslim Brotherhood has supported various resistance movements against
foreign occupation, including Palestinian Hamas (offshoot of the Palestinian
Moslem Brotherhood), the Lebanese Hezbollah, and the Islamist Iraqi resistance
groups. But it also supported their attempts to join the political processes in
their countries.
Al-Qaeda on the other hand, has supported only the violent expressions of these
groups, and whenever they turned to politics, al-Qaeda rejected all their
political overtures as surrender to the enemies of Islam.
A Sunni group, al-Qaida has expressed hostility towards the Iranian supported
Shia-based Lebanese Hizbullah despite its victory against Israel in the 2006
war.
However, al-Qaeda inspired militants who declared themselves ''Fath Al Islam''
were defeated by the Lebanese army, leaving Hizbullah as the most potent armed
group in the country.
Likewise, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, then head of Al-Qaida affiliate in Iraq
targeted the Islamic party, a branch of the Brotherhood, when it joined the
post Saddam Hussein coalition government.
And in Gaza, Hamas crushed the self-declared al-Qaeda inspired fringe group
(''Army of Islam'') leaving little room for al-Qaeda to establish base in
Palestine.
Though restricted to Gaza and big clans, Palestine has put Hamas in direct
confrontation with leaders of ''al-Qaeda Central'' whose leadership accused it
of abandoning its faith and surrendering four fifth of Palestine to the Jews.
However, the centrality of the Palestinian cause and Hamas's victory in the
elections and its steadfastness against the superior Israeli military have
further weakened al-Qaeda appeal among radical Islamists.
Paradoxically, the stronger Islamist Hamas comes out of its confrontations with
Israel, the less chance al-Qaeda has to play a role in the Palestinian cause it
has long invoked to gain popularity in the Muslim world.
But for the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas have given its Arab and notably Egyptian
counterpart the honor of championing the 'central cause' of Arabs and Muslims,
while at the same time maintaining nonviolent agenda in their countries.
All of these traditional, reformist, resistance groups of Islamists who balance
between religion and politics and between soft power and hard power, in
addition to the even larger Islamic groups who maintain a distance from
politics, whether Sufists or Salafists, not to mention the absolute majority of
secular and liberal Muslims, reject Al-Qaeda's activist political
interpretation of Islam and its violence against civilians.
So what makes al-Qaeda so dangerous?
Clearly, Islam is not the answer.
To be continued...
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