IHWAL KECIPIR
JAUH LEBIH
DAHSYATDARIPADA KEDELAI
(IMPOR) !!!
Agron J
73:623-625 © American
Society of Agronomy 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison,WI 53711 USA
Protein and Oil Content
of Winged Bean Seedsas Measured by Near-Infrared
Light Reflectance1
D. F. Hildebrand, C. Chaven, T.
Hymowitz, H. H. Bryan and A. A. Duncan2
Grain analyzers are being utilized by plant breeders to
estimatethe protein and oil content of various agricultural
commodities.The method is rapid and inexpensive. Its potential use
for theanalysis of winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.]seed meal
was investigated in this study. Simultaneous
estimationsof protein and oil concentrations in winged bean seed
mealsmade by a near-infrared light reflectance instrument coupledto an analog
computer (grain analyzer) were compared to proteinand
oil determinations by Kjeldahl and Soxhlet extraction procedures.The
correlation between Kjeldahl protein and the grain analyzervalues
was 0.998. The correlation between Soxhlet extractedoil and the
grain analyzer values was 0.995.
The 240 winged bean accessions evaluated in this study wereobtained from 16
countries. The seed protein contents rangedfrom
20.7 to 45.9%. The seed oil contents ranged from 7.2 to21.5%.
A centrally located grain analyzer facility should be able
tomonitor the protein and oil values in winged bean cultivar andbreeding trials
carried out anywhere in the world.
________________________________
1Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois
atUrbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 and the Agric. Res. and Educ.Ctr., Univ.
of Florida, Homestead, FL 33030. Research supportedin
part by a grant from the Asia Foundation, Illinois Agric.Exp. Stn.,
Florida Agric. Exp. Stn. and a Univ. of IllinoisFellowship to the
senior author.
2Graduate student, agronomist, professor of plant genetics,
Dep.of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, professor and director, Agric.Res. and
Educ. Ctr., Univ. of Florida, Homestead, Fla.
Received for publication August 1, 1980.
Wingedbean multi-purpose tropical
legume
The
multi-purpose tropical bean yields tasty pods, which are rich in protein and
vitamin A.
AMONG THE tropical beans, known for their protein-rich
pods and seeds, winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is considered quite
unique because of its multiple uses. A native of South Pacific Islands, Papua
New Guinea, it was
introduced in India during1799, and is grown in Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, West
Bengal, Orissa, and other southern States, according to Dr. G. S. Sahu,
Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture at the College of Horticulture,
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Orissa.
Also known as Goa bean, four-angled bean or asparagus pea, winged bean yields
protein-rich
pods, and its succulent leaves, tender shoots resembling lacy asparagus, seeds,
flowers and tuberous roots are also edible.
This robust, climbing herbaceous perennial, which reaches up
to 5 metres in height,
is also grown in different parts of the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
In spite of
its multiple uses and whole plant utilisation, this promising legume has been
listed among the neglected
tropical beans.
The tender pods, which are the most widely eaten part of the
plant, can be harvested in two to three months of planting.
The long pods, which can reach up to 50 cm in length, are
rich sources of proteins,
carbohydrates and vitamin A (300 to 900 International Units). The pods
may be eaten raw or used in salads, soups, stews and curries.
The immature pods can also be used as peas. The matured pods
can be stewed, boiled, fried, roasted or made into milk. The seeds mimic
soyabean in composition and nutritive value, and it can be promoted as a
possible `soyabean for the
tropics', according to Dr. Sahu.
The seeds contain 29.8 to 39 per cent protein,
15 to 18 per cent fat and 23.9 to 42 per cent carbohydrate, according to him.
The tender top three sets of leaflets can be eaten raw like spinach or cooked
as greens. They are rich
in vitamin A (20,000 IU), and 5 to 7.6 protein and 3 to 8.5 percent
carbohydrates.
The vines produce starchy underground tubers. These tubers are eaten like
potatoes, and are
harvested 120 to 240 days after planting. The tuber formation is quite common
in Papua New Guinea. In the Philippines, however, the tubers are relatively
smaller and they are not eaten. The tubers are 2 to 4 cm in diameter and 8 to
12 cm in length.
They contain 12.2 to 15 per cent protein (2 to 4 times higher than that of
potato and 8 times more than that of
cassava), 0.5 to 1.1 per cent fat and 27.2 to 30.5 per cent
carbohydrate. The tubers are peeled after boiling, fried or baked before use.
Wingedbean is not commercially
cultivated. It is mostly confined to home gardens and backyard cultivation.
This legume does well in
humid tropics with high rainfall. It comes up well in loamy soils endowed with
adequate drainage.
The plant responds
well to organic nutrition and the application of biofertilizers. Being a
short-day length-loving plant, it flowers when the day length hovers just above
12 hours. Though, the plant is endowed with an extensive root system, it cannot
stand drought conditions.
There are no
serious pests or diseases that cripple the plant. Only a few problems
such as false smut and root-knot nematodes have been encountered while growing
winged beans, and they can be managed well by using ecologically sound plant
protection strategies.
Lifestyle Lounge: Health & Fitness
Benefits Of Winged Bean
Wingedbean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) popularly known as the Goa bean is
a tropical legume found growing abundantly in hot, humid equatorial countries.
Thus, one might often come across this plant in countries like India, Burma,
Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Philippines and Indonesia. Certain varieties of the plant are also found
growing abundantly in parts of the America. Typically growing as a vine, the
plant reaches an average height of 3 to 4 meters and is usually perennial in
nature. However, the plant can also be grown as an annual. The skin or the
outer covering of the plant is found to be waxy while the flesh in the young
pods is slightly translucent. However, when the pods turn slightly mature, they
turn into an ash-brown color and finally splits revealing the inner seeds. The
flowers on the other hand have a slight blue hue and the beans themselves are
renowned for their high nutritional content. One of the greatest uses of this
plant is that they help in the process of nitrogen fixation with the aid of the
soil bacterium Rhizobium. As a result of its ability to fix nitrogen using a
natural process, the plant requires
very little or no fertilizers. To know more about this unique plant
species, read the information given below.
Nutritional
Value Of Winged Beans
Amount of Winged Beans (mature
seeds, raw): 1 cup
Total Weight of Winged Beans: 182
grams
Nutrients Amount
Basic Components
Protein 54.0 g
Carbohydrates 75.9 g
Water 15.2 g
Ash 7.2 g
Calories
Total Calories 3115 KJ
Calories From Fat 1043 KJ
Calories From Carbohydrate
Calories From Protein 1294 KJ
783 KJ
Carbohydrates
Dietary Fiber 75.9 g
Starch 75.9 g
Sugars 75.9 g
Glucose 75.9 g
Sucrose 75.9 g
Fructose 75.9 g
Lactose
Maltose
Galactose 75.9 g
75.9 g
75.9 g
Fats
Total Fat 29.7 g
Saturated Fat 4.2 g
Mono Fat 10.9 g
Poly Fat 7.9 g
Vitamins
Thiamin 1.9 mg
Riboflavin 0.8 mg
Niacin 5.6 mg
Vitamin B6 0.3 mg
Betaine 1.4 mg
Folate 81.9 mcg
Pantothenic Acid 1.4 mg
Minerals
Calcium 801 mg
Copper 5.2 mg
Iron 24.5 mg
Magnesium 326 mg
Manganese 6.8 mg
Phosphorus 821 mg
Potassium 1778 mg
Selenium 14.9 mcg
Sodium 69.2 mg
Zinc 8.2 mg
Amino Acids
Alanine 1893 mg
Arginine 3433 mg
Aspartate 5801 mg
Cystine 992 mg
Glutamate 7298 mg
Glycine 2075 mg
Histidine 1438 mg
Isoleucine 2672 mg
Leucine 4544 mg
Lysine 3887 mg
Methionine 648 mg
Phenylalanine 2601 mg
Proline 3502 mg
Serine 2248 mg
Threonine 2146 mg
Tryptophan 1387 mg
Tyrosine 2651 mg
Valine 2785 mg
Health
Benefits Of Consuming Winged Bean
* Wingedbeans have the highest calcium content among all legumes and as
such, are very beneficial for the human skeletal system. The calcium present in
these beans helps in the production and maintenance of the bones and provides
strength to overcome diseases and weaknesses.
* Wingedbeans are also a good source of natural minerals, vitamins
(especially A and C), iron and enzymes.
* As a legume, wing bean scores high on protein content. In other
words, it proves to be a good source of protein for humans as well as animals.
Tips
* While buying winged beans, make sure that they are not wilted. At the
same time, there should be no brown spots on the beans.
* The best way to store winged beans is to keep them in a plastic bag
and put inside the refrigerator. They will hold well for 2-3 days.
* Before cooking winged beans, it is advisable to rinse them
thoroughly, under cold running water. Then, part them dry, remove the stem and
stir-fry.
* The tuber and young leaves of winged beans can be used in salads.
* Wingedbean flour can be used as a proteinsupplement, while making
bread.
* The flowers of winged beans can be used to color rice and pastries.
Caution
Although there are no reports of any kind of post-harvest illness, research has
indicated that the plant species is highly susceptible to different fungal,
viral, bacterial and nematode
diseases. Apart from this, there is also a high probability of
contamination of stock by mold fungi. Santap selalu
KECIPIR SEGAR (baru).
KECIPIR : LEBIH HEBAT DARIPADA KEDELAI
IMPOR
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