maedhroz commented on code in PR #2409:
URL: https://github.com/apache/cassandra/pull/2409#discussion_r1240144741


##########
src/java/org/apache/cassandra/index/sai/disk/v1/bbtree/BlockBalancedTreePostingsWriter.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.cassandra.index.sai.disk.v1.bbtree;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.NotThreadSafe;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.agrona.collections.IntArrayList;
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.index.sai.IndexContext;
+import org.apache.cassandra.index.sai.disk.v1.postings.MergePostingList;
+import org.apache.cassandra.index.sai.disk.v1.postings.PackedLongsPostingList;
+import org.apache.cassandra.index.sai.disk.v1.postings.PostingsWriter;
+import org.apache.cassandra.index.sai.postings.PeekablePostingList;
+import org.apache.cassandra.index.sai.postings.PostingList;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
+import org.apache.lucene.store.IndexOutput;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.packed.PackedLongValues;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/**
+ * Writes leaf postings and auxiliary posting lists for bbtree nodes. If a 
node has a posting list attached,
+ * it will contain every row id from all leaves reachable from that node.
+ * <p>
+ * Writer is stateful, because it needs to collect data from the balanced tree 
data structure first to find set of eligible
+ * nodes and leaf nodes reachable from them.
+ * <p>
+ * The leaf blocks are written in value order (in the order we pass them to 
the {@link BlockBalancedTreeWriter}).
+ * This allows us to skip reading the leaves, instead just order leaf blocks 
by their offset in the index file,
+ * and correlate them with buffered posting lists.
+ */
+@NotThreadSafe
+public class BlockBalancedTreePostingsWriter implements 
BlockBalancedTreeWalker.TraversalCallback
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(BlockBalancedTreePostingsWriter.class);
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum number of reachable leaves for a given node to be eligible for 
an auxiliary posting list.
+     */
+    public static final int MINIMUM_POSTINGS_LEAVES = 
CassandraRelevantProperties.SAI_MINIMUM_POSTINGS_LEAVES.getInt();
+    /**
+     * Skip, or the sampling interval, for selecting a balanced tree level 
that is eligible for an auxiliary posting list.
+     * Sampling starts from 0, but the balanced tree root node is at level 1. 
For skip = 4, eligible levels are 4, 8, 12, etc. (no
+     * level 0, because there is no node at level 0).
+     */
+    public static final int POSTINGS_SKIP = 
CassandraRelevantProperties.SAI_POSTINGS_SKIP.getInt();
+
+    private final List<PackedLongValues> postings;
+    private final TreeMap<Long, Integer> leafOffsetToNodeID = new 
TreeMap<>(Long::compareTo);
+    private final Multimap<Integer, Integer> nodeToChildLeaves = 
HashMultimap.create();
+
+    private final IndexContext indexContext;
+    int numNonLeafPostings = 0;
+    int numLeafPostings = 0;
+
+    BlockBalancedTreePostingsWriter(List<PackedLongValues> postings, 
IndexContext indexContext)
+    {
+        this.postings = postings;
+        this.indexContext = indexContext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a leaf node is hit as we traverse the packed index.
+     *
+     * @param leafNodeID the current leaf node ID in the packed inded
+     * @param leafBlockFP the file pointer to the on-disk leaf block
+     * @param pathToRoot the path to the root leaf above this leaf. Contains 
all the intermediate leaf node IDs.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void onLeaf(int leafNodeID, long leafBlockFP, IntArrayList 
pathToRoot)
+    {
+        checkArgument(!pathToRoot.containsInt(leafNodeID));
+        checkArgument(pathToRoot.isEmpty() || leafNodeID > 
pathToRoot.get(pathToRoot.size() - 1));
+
+        leafOffsetToNodeID.put(leafBlockFP, leafNodeID);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++)
+        {
+            int level = i + 1;
+            if (isLevelEligibleForPostingList(level))
+            {
+                int nodeID = pathToRoot.get(i);
+                nodeToChildLeaves.put(nodeID, leafNodeID);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes a merged posting list for each leaf in the tree. This postings 
list consists of the postings
+     * associated with the leaf along with the postings associated with any 
leaves underneath it.
+     *
+     * After writing out the postings it writes a map of leaf node IDs to 
postings file pointer for all

Review Comment:
   nit: The map contains both internal node IDs and leaf node IDs?
   
   Alternate wording...
   
   ```
   * After writing out the postings, it writes a map of node ID -> postings 
file pointer for all
   * nodes with an attached postings list. It then returns the file pointer to 
this map.
    ```



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