aweisberg commented on code in PR #4015:
URL: https://github.com/apache/cassandra/pull/4015#discussion_r2017537659


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test/distributed/org/apache/cassandra/distributed/upgrade/MixedModePaxosTest.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.distributed.upgrade;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.SimpleBuilders;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.Int32Type;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.partitions.PartitionUpdate;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.Row;
+import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner;
+import org.apache.cassandra.distributed.api.ConsistencyLevel;
+import org.apache.cassandra.distributed.api.Feature;
+import org.apache.cassandra.distributed.api.ICoordinator;
+import org.apache.cassandra.net.MessagingService;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableId;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.service.paxos.Ballot;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil;
+
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+
+public class MixedModePaxosTest extends UpgradeTestBase
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(MixedModePaxosTest.class);
+
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the mixed mode loop bug in CASSANDRA-20493
+     *
+     * Paxos uses a 'zero' ballot in place of null when it doesn't find a 
ballot in system.paxos. CEP-14 changed the lsb
+     * of the zero ballot uuid from -9187201950435737472 to 0. It also removed 
the check added in CASSANDRA-12043, since
+     * the way it read and filtered ttld paxos data had been improved. 
However, this means that 4.1 and higher paxos
+     * coordinators, the prepare phase will always interpret the most recent 
commits from 4.0 and lower nodes as being
+     * less than its own and will update them with  its slightly higher zero 
ballot and empty partition update. In cases
+     * where this is the first paxos operation on a key, or the previously 
ttl'd paxos data on disk had been purged, this
+     * would just add a retry step as it updated the 4.0 and lower hosts with 
it's zero ballot. On nodes where there was
+     * ttl'd paxos data though, the ttl'd data on disk would shadow this 
update and the conflicting 'zero' value would

Review Comment:
   Maybe just extend this comment that the TTLed data would have a timestamp > 
0 which shadows none even if the TTLed data doesn't end up returned in a read. 
It should be obvious, but you have to make the connection between the timestamp 
for the paxos system table row being the timestamp of the a ballot which those 
less familiar with the table won't think of immediately.



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