Stanislaw Blaszczak wrote:
> Nie wiem dla kogo pani to napisala, ale napewno nie dla mnie.
Panie Stanislawie, Pani Dana Alvi tego nie napisala a przepisala. A to chyba
jest kolosalna roznica. Ja jestem Jej za to wdzieczny, bowiem dzieki Niej
moglem sie dowiedziec co inni na ten temat wysmarowali.
> Dlaczego tak
> ciezko cos napisac normalnie po polsku?
Pani Dana Alvi od kilkudziesieciu lat zamieszkuje w USA. Wyjechala z Polski
bedac mloda dziewczynka i bardzo pieknie mowi po Polsku co ja rozni od
niektorych kolegow "S", ktorych spotkalem w ostatnich latach w Polsce, a
ktorzy po 2 tygodniowym pobycie w USA badz w Anglii na koszt polskiego
podatnika nie wiedzieli jak sie prawidlowo wyslawiac po polsku.
>
>
> SB
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Dana Alvi" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: "Multiple recipients of list prawica" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Sent: Friday, December 15, 2000 5:17 AM
> Subject: Prawica: Polski Orzel
>
> > Ponizej dany artykul napewno jest po polsku w Panoramie Historii Polski,
> > Interpress, Warszawa, 1992.
> >
> > 15go lutego 1955 r. artykul ukazal sie po angielsku w gazecie Warsaw
> > Voice pod tytulem "The White Eagle's Flight of Fancy". Przedrukowany
> > byl w 1995 r. w Polish-American Journal, dokladna data nie znana.
> > Tutejszy przepis jest z Polish American Journal. Orzel jest pokazany w
> > pierwszej rubryce z szesciokatna gwiazda w skrzydlach. Nie wiadomo, w
> > ktorej publikacji gwiazda zostala dodana.
> >
> > POLAND'S WHITE EAGLE TURNS 700
> >
> > The national symbols of Poland - its emblem, flag and anthem - have a
> > long history. Like the country they represent, their history is rich in
> > both grand and tragic moments.
> >
> > The oldest of all Poland's symbols is its emblem, her coat of arms. The
> > famed Polish eagle design is 700 years old this month.
> >
> > The icon is the effigy of a white eagle on a red field. The origins of
> > this emblem date back to the Piast era, the formative period of Polish
> > statehood. Scholars are unable to explain with absolute certainty the
> > reasons for this choice of emblem. The prevailing opinion is that the
> > heraldic effigy of the eagle, appearing as early as the first quarter of
> > the 13th century on the seals of provincial princes of the Piast
> > dynasty, was their personal sign. It was a sign chosen independently,
> > although within the broader framework of heraldic customs that had
> > earlier taken shape in Western Europe.
> >
> > According to the political and legal doctrine of the Middle Ages, the
> > monarch symbolized the state. Consequently, the personal sign of the
> > ruler became the symbol of the lands and people under his authority.
> > The attempts to reunify Poland's territories made by the Piast
> > Przemyslaw II, Prince of Great Poland, secured his personal sign - the
> > white eagle - the symbol of state unity. When Prince Przemyslaw II was
> > crowned on June 26, 1295, he introduced a crowned eagle to the royal
> > seal as an emblem of the united Kingdom of Poland. It was in this sense
> > that the kings who unified Poland - Przemyslaw II and those after him,
> > Ladislaus the Short and Casimir the Great - placed their seals on a
> > crowned eagle as a symbol of royal dignity. The feeling of national
> > consciouncess which was then taking shape helped to strengthen the role
> > of that symbol.
> >
> > How great a moral force was already at the time associated with the
> > emblem of the Kingdom can be seen from the description of Poland's most
> > eminent chronicler, Jan Dlugosz, of the fight to defend the grand banner
> > bearing the eagle during the Battle of Grunwald in 1410.
> >
> > The shape of the Polish official eagle was finally fixed around the
> > middle of the 14th century. The eagle of those days - its silhouette
> > dramatically outlined - is impressive: its crowned head proudly raised,
> > the beak sharply delineated and the wings adorned by a bandeau. It
> > breathed strength and majesty.
> >
> > Later on, the Polish eagle changed its shape more than once as tastes
> > varied in different periods. The Gothic form of the emblem of the
> > Piasts and first Jagiellonians was replaced by the Renaissance design of
> > the eagles of Sigismund I and Sigismund Augustus. In the 18th century,
> > the eagle assumed the classicist form which proved to be the most
> > durable. Yet, in spite of its changing forms, the symbol always
> > remained the same.
> >
> > Under the Jagiellonians and in the later period as well, the Polish
> > eagle used to appear on the same escutcheon together with Lithuania's
> > emblem - the Pogon (Pursuit) - as a sign of the dynastic union binding
> > the two countries. Apart from the officially adopted state emblem, the
> > effigy of the eagle also appeared with the cipher or coat of arms of the
> > current king on its breast. The white-feathered eagle with a crown
> > became fixed in the national consciousness as the Pole's own sign, the
> > symbol of the Polish State and of the continuity of its independent
> > political existance. No wonder, therefore, that when Poland lost her
> > political independence as a result of partitions, the foreign
> > authorities banned the use of the eagle. It was replaced by
> > artificially created signs - first, the emblem of the Duchy of Warsaw
> > created by Napoleon (the coat of arms of the Saxon dynasty on a shield
> > combined with the Polish eagle), and, later on, the emblem of the
> > Kingdom of Poland (Russia's double-headed black eagle with the Polish
> > eagle on its breast).
> >
> > After the defeat of the January Uprising of 1863-64, even that
> > substitute for the country's ancient emblem was removed and the Polish
> > eagle was placed on the wings of the Tsar's eagle, among the coats of
> > arms of other provinces. In the Prussian- and Austrian-riled parts of
> > Poland, the eagle of the Republic was supplanted by the symbols of
> > foreign monarchies.
> >
> > The partitions of Poland and the loss of independence at the same time
> > stimulated and accelerated the development of Polish national thought.
> > The white eagle as an officially banned sign became a greater symbol of
> > the highest patriotic feeling, a reminder of the former glory of the
> > Polish State, the embodiment of dreams of freedom.
> >
> > The image of the eagle played an important role in each insurrectionary
> > outburst in Polish liberation movements. During the November Uprising
> > of 1830-31, the official emblem of the Kingdom of Poland was
> > spontaneously rejected and the Eagle-and-Pursuit was restored. The
> > Pursuit was meant to symbolize the rebirth of the Polish State in its
> > former boundaries. Similar intentions motivated the insurrectionary
> > government of 1863 when it placed on its seals the Eagle and the Pursuit
> > as well as the Archangel, symbolizing Poland's former Ruthenian
> > territory.
> >
> > Besides the idea of independence, the liberation movements of the 19th
> > century also advanced a program of social reforms and democratic
> > freedoms. As a result, some questioned the role of the crown on the
> > eagle.
> >
> > A crownless eagle appeared on the flag of the Polish Democratic Society
> > formed in 1832 in exile. In 1848, it appeared on the standards of
> > Polish troops fighting in defiance of the Hungarian revolution. It was
> > also the emblem of the Legion formed in Italy by Adam Mickiewicz. In
> > Poland, the crownless eagle was adopted in the days of the 1846 Krakow
> > Insurrection. It also adorned the flags of some insurgent units in 1863
> > and 1864.
> >
> > The symbol of the crownless eagle was used by Polish military units
> > formed in various countries of Europe and the United States during the
> > First World War. At that time, some military units formed in Poland
> > used - at first - the eagle without a crown. The Polish State, reborn
> > in 1981, adopted as its emblem the crowned eagle, although the
> > short-lived socialist government tried to adopt the crownless eagle.
> >
> > In 1919, the official design of the state emblem was approved; it was a
> > white eagle with its crown, beak and claws in gold, on a field of red.
> > In 1927, a new model was introduced, designed by Professor Zygmunt
> > Kaminski. Still a white eagle on a red field, it is undoubtedly the
> > most recognized version of the symbol of Poland to this day.
> >
> > The emblem and Poland's other national symbols were brutally trampled
> > underfoot by Nazi invaders. The Polish people lifted them as signs of
> > struggle. The eagle, banned under the occupation, became a visible
> > symbol of the underground front and of the Polish forces organized
> > abroad. The tradition of the crownless eagle were revived in the
> > leftist independence movement - in the units of the People's Guard and
> > later of the People's Army, and in the Polish Army formed in the Soviet
> > Union.
> >
> > The Polish People's Republic adopted as its emblem the eagle without a
> > crown. The decree of December 7, 1955 approved Kaminski's 1927 version
> > but without the crown. The design was confirmed in a law passed January
> > 31, 1980, ironically the year the Solidarity movement in Poland began to
> > gain greater international attention. The subsequent events which led
> > to the end of a Communist-controlled Poland saw the restoration of the
> > crown.
> >
> > SOURCES: A Panorama of Polish History, Interpress, Warsaw 1992. "The
> > White Eagle's Flight of Fancy", Warsaw Voice, Feb. 15, 1995.
> >
> > Polish-American Journal
> >
> > * * * * * *
> >
> >
> >
