I haven't been able to shorten your code. But here's a version which
handles odd numbers, at the cost of only two characters:

c=:*:({&' *'@],&":2%(%+/@,))]>(|@j./~2&|#])@i:@<:

Rather than filtering by position (_2{.\]), we filter the x values by
oddness (2&|#]).

Marshall

On Mon, Jul 22, 2013 at 07:54:21PM -0400, Dan Bron wrote:
> There's a code golf challenge on StackOverflow [1] which asks us to generate
> an approximation of a circle in ASCII (i.e. using integral Cartesian
> coordinates) and a corresponding estimation of pi.
> 
> For example, the 8th order circle in ASCII has 15 rows and 8 columns and
> gives an approximate value of pi of 3.125.  The detailed specifications of
> input, output, and edge cases can be found at
> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2440314/code-golf-day/ but the general
> concept is take positive integer as an input, and output the circle with its
> corresponding estimate of pi. Like this:
> 
>          c 8
>           *******    
>        ************* 
>       ***************
>       ***************
>       ***************
>       ***************
>        ************* 
>           *******    
>       3.125          
> 
> This is a code golf challenge. Most common programming languages can get it
> down to ~100 characters.  The shortest solution, outside of J, is written in
> bc (the command-line calculator) and weighs in at 88 characters.
> 
> Without too much effort, I put together a J solution of 47 characters (a
> little over half the length of the previous champion)*.
> 
> Uncompressed, the verb might look like this:
> 
>       c =: verb define
>               pythag   =. y > | j./~ i:y-1    NB.  r^2 > x^2 + y^2
>               squished =. _2 {.\ pythag       NB.  Odd rows only
>               piApx    =. (2 * +/ , squished) %  y*y
>               (squished { ' *') , ": piApx
>       )
> 
> Here it is in its compressed form:
> 
>       c=:*:({&' *'@],&":2%(%+/@,))_2{.\]>|@j./~@i:@<: 
> 
> Can you pare it down at all? Perhaps using a different approach?
> 
> Note also that there is extra credit available for a solution which handles
> odd inputs (i.e. odd numbers) appropriately, which this version doesn't.
> 
> -Dan
> 
> * The 47 characters includes the assignment to a name, so the function can
> be reused. 
>   
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> For information about J forums see http://www.jsoftware.com/forums.htm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
For information about J forums see http://www.jsoftware.com/forums.htm

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