On Sun, Aug 2, 2009 at 7:23 PM, Kip Murray<[email protected]> wrote:
> 1. Question: What is a set?
>    Answer:

This question is too abstract, I think.  A proper question
would be "how are we representing sets", and this can
depend on your application and on your universe of supported
elements.

For example, I have no problem with "a set is represented
as a sorted list of unique boxes".  But I also have no problem
with "a set is represented as a sequence of bits marking
which element in the universe is a member"

> 2. Question: What is an element of a set?
>    Answer:

See above.

> 3. Question: When are two sets the same set?
>    Answer: Set H is set K provided each element of H is an element of K and
>            each element of K is an element of H.

In the context of computer programs, this depends on how
you represent sets.   For both of my examples for question 1,
-: would work.  However, -: will not work for all possible
representations of sets.

> 4. Question: What is a subset of a set?
>    Answer: To say H is a subset of set K means H is a set, and each element 
> of H
>            is an element of K.

Also, the details of how this is implemented can depend on how
you represent sets.  One fundamental approach
would be to find the elements in the potential subset
which do not appear in the potential superset -- if there
are none the potential subset really is a subset.

But if you represent sets with equal-length lists of bits
you can use an expression which would not work for
other potential approaches:
   0 0 1 *./ .<: 0 1 1
1

> 5. Question: What is an empty set?
>    Answer: The empty set, called phi, is the set which has no element.

yes.

But I never call the empty set "phi", and this name
does not seem to be a common name for the empty
set.  Then again, I never call the empty set "george".

> 7. Question: Why is the empty set a subset of every set?
>    Answer:

This comes from the definition of subset (and of set):

The set containing no elements is a set.

For every set, if you removed all elements from the set,
you would wind up with a set containing no elements.

> 8. Question: Can the empty set be an element of a set?
>    Answer: That depends on 2, but the answer to 2 should make this answer 
> "Yes."

Practically speaking, this depends on your application -- your
"universe of consideration".  If you have no use for empty sets
in your sets, you should not waste any implementation effort
on them.

FYI,

-- 
Raul
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