Hello,

I have been reading through some of the papers about granular flow in 
Chrono and have a few questions about the implementation.

Just to clarify, I will mostly be referencing these two papers, which I 
will refer to by as the 2015 and 2021 papers

2015: Chrono: An open source multi-physics dynamics engine
2021: Chrono::GPU: An open source simulation package for granular dynamics 
using the discrete element method.

Firstly, I have a question about the equations for the normal and 
tangential forces. In the 2015 paper, there is an mbar term in the damping 
portion of the normal and tangential forces equations (equation 2). In the 
2021 paper, this mbar is not seen (equations 3 and 4). Which of these 
papers is correct and why?

Secondly, I have a question regarding the friction factor. In both papers, 
for the calculation of u_t and to enforce the Coulomb friction law, mu_s is 
used. Is mu_s the static or sliding friction coefficient? I have noticed 
that in the GPU module, there is only the option to set the static 
coefficient or rolling coefficient, but if particles are moving past each 
other, this should be the sliding coefficient, right? (I noticed in table 2 
of the 2021 paper, sliding coefficient is used).

Lastly, I’m a bit confused as to whether the GPU module uses Hookean or 
Hertzian contact by default.

Sorry for all the questions, just want to make sure I have a good 
understanding of my Chrono simulations.

Thanks! 
David

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