Letter to Eric Gutkind (partial)
Albert Einstein (1954)
Translated from the German by Joan Stambaugh...

... The word God is for me nothing more than the expression and product of 
human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honourable, but still primitive 
legends which are nevertheless pretty childish. No interpretation no matter how 
subtle can (for me) change this. These subtilised interpretations are highly 
manifold according to their nature and have almost nothing to do with the 
original text. For me the Jewish religion like all other religions is an 
incarnation of the most childish superstitions. And the Jewish people to whom I 
gladly belong and with whose mentality I have a deep affinity have no different 
quality for me than all other people. As far as my experience goes, they are 
also no better than other human groups, although they are protected from the 
worst cancers by a lack of power. Otherwise I cannot see anything 'chosen' 
about them.

In general I find it painful that you claim a privileged position and try to 
defend it by two walls of pride, an external one as a man and an internal one 
as a Jew. As a man you claim, so to speak, a dispensation from causality 
otherwise accepted, as a Jew the priviliege of monotheism. But a limited 
causality is no longer a causality at all, as our wonderful Spinoza recognized 
with all incision, probably as the first one. And the animistic interpretations 
of the religions of nature are in principle not annulled by monopolisation. 
With such walls we can only attain a certain self-deception, but our moral 
efforts are not furthered by them. On the contrary.

Now that I have quite openly stated our differences in intellectual convictions 
it is still clear to me that we are quite close to each other in essential 
things, ie in our evalutations of human behaviour. What separates us are only 
intellectual 'props' and `rationalisation' in Freud's language. Therefore I 
think that we would understand each other quite well if we talked about 
concrete things. 

With friendly thanks and best wishes 

Yours, A. Einstein.



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