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Web address:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/
121112095943.htm
New Way to Split Water Molecules Into Hydrogen and Oxygen: Breakthrough for
Solar Energy Conversion and Storage?
enlarge
Using the power of the sun and ultrathin films of iron oxide, Israeli
researchers have found a novel way to split water molecules into hydrogen and
oxygen. The breakthrough could lead to less expensive, more efficient ways to
store solar energy in the form of hydrogen-based fuels. (Credit: © Sean
Gladwell / Fotolia)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 12, 2012) Using the power of the sun and ultrathin films
of iron oxide (commonly known as rust), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
researchers have found a novel way to split water molecules into hydrogen and
oxygen. The breakthrough, published this week in Nature Materials, could lead
to less expensive, more efficient ways to store solar energy in the form of
hydrogen-based fuels. This could be a major step forward in the development of
viable replacements for fossil fuels.
"Our approach is the first of its kind," says lead researcher Associate Prof.
Avner Rothschild, of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. "We
have found a way to trap light in ultrathin films of iron oxide that are 5,000
times thinner than typical office paper. This is the enabling key to achieving
high efficiency and low cost. "
Iron oxide is a common semiconductor material, inexpensive to produce, stable
in water, and unlike other semiconductors such as silicon can oxidize water
without itself being oxidated, corroded, or decomposed. But it also presents
challenges, the greatest of which was finding a way to overcome its poor
electrical transport properties. Researchers have struggled for years with the
tradeoff between light absorption and the separation and collection of
photogenerated charge carriers before they die out by recombination.
"Our light-trapping scheme overcomes this tradeoff, enabling efficient
absorption in ultrathin films wherein the photogenerated charge carriers are
collected efficiently," says Prof. Rothschild. "The light is trapped in
quarter-wave or even deeper sub-wavelength films on mirror-like back reflector
substrates. Interference between forward- and backward-propagating waves
enhances the light absorption close to the surface, and the photogenerated
charge carriers are collected before they die off."
The breakthrough could make possible the design of inexpensive solar cells that
combine ultrathin iron oxide photoelectrodes with conventional photovoltaic
cells based on silicon or other materials to produce electricity and hydrogen.
According to Prof. Rothschild, these cells could store solar energy for on
demand use, 24 hours per day. This is in strong contrast to conventional
photovoltaic cells, which provide power only when the sun is shining (and not
at night or when it is cloudy).
The findings could also be used to reduce the amount of extremely rare elements
that the solar panel industry uses to create the semiconductor material in
their second-generation photovoltaic cells. The Technion team's light trapping
method could save 90% or more of rare elements like Tellurium and Indium, with
no compromise in performance.
The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology is a major source of the innovation
and brainpower that drives the Israeli economy, and a key to Israel's renown as
the world's "Start-Up Nation." Its three Nobel Prize winners exemplify academic
excellence. Technion people, ideas and inventions make immeasurable
contributions to the world including life-saving medicine, sustainable energy,
computer science, water conservation and nanotechnology.
American Technion Society (ATS) donors provide critical support for the
Technionmore than $1.74 billion since its inception in 1940. Based in New York
City, the ATS and its network of chapters across the U.S. provide funds for
scholarships, fellowships, faculty recruitment and chairs, research, buildings,
laboratories, classrooms and dormitories, and more.
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Story Source:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Technion
Society. The original article was written by Kevin Hattori.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further
information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
Hen Dotan, Ofer Kfir, Elad Sharlin, Oshri Blank, Moran Gross, Irina
Dumchin, Guy Ankonina, Avner Rothschild. Resonant light trapping in ultrathin
films for water splitting. Nature Materials, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nmat3477
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the
following formats:
APA
MLA
American Technion Society (2012, November 12). New way to split water molecules
into hydrogen and oxygen: Breakthrough for solar energy conversion and
storage?. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2012/11/121112095943.htm
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of
ScienceDaily or its staff.
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