Tolol. Bodoh.
Goblok. Dungu. Pandir. Otak anjing. Ni orang demen bener menggongong asal menyalak. Jadi human trafficking itu di ngeri Belanda adalaha kejahatan dan bukan "praktek yg diterima". --- In [email protected], safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@...> wrote: > > kejahatan bukan nggak ada di belanda.. > nih, telen.. biar otakmu agak ada gunanya... > .. > .. > Increase in human trafficking in Netherlands > *Latest figures show more women, especially from Hungary and China, falling > prey to human traffickers.* > THE NETHERLANDS Human trafficking in the Netherlands is on the rise, > according to figures obtained from the National Centre against Human > Trafficking. > > Dutch newspaper Trouw reports there were 809 registered victims of human > trafficking last year, up from 716 in 2007. > > The figures show a substantial increase in the number of victims from > Hungary and China. Some 763 were women and at least 60 percent of them were > forced to work in the sex industry. > > According to the report, the increase in number of victims were from > Hungary - from 12 in 2007 to 43 last year - and could point to a shift of > the smuggling networks in Eastern Europe. All victims from Hungary were > female and were forced into prostitution. > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:07 PM, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@...>wrote: > > > ** > > > > > > > > otak safin _blanc itu jelas sudah rusak berat... > > > > Human traficking di negeri Belanda adalah kejahatan... > > > > > > http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/showNIPsection.action?country=Netherlands. > > > > --- In [email protected], safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@> wrote: > > > > > > pig, pig,... > > > yg nentang itu cuman institusi yg tidak terdengar.. > > > masyarakatnya oke-oke saja.., artinya menerima keadaan itu.. > > > gitu aja lu dongok teing.. > > > .. > > > .. > > > ni buat lu pelototin... > > > daripada ngapalin kata2 tolol, goblog, pandir doang utk orang lain.. > > > .. > > > > > > There are 250 officially listed brothels in Amsterdam, Netherlands as of > > > 1997. (Marie-Victoire Louis, "Legalising Pimping, Dutch Style," *Le Monde > > > Diplomatique*, 8 March 1997) > > > > > > Most of the prostituted women in shop windows in the Netherlands are > > > migrants from the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ghana, Benin, > > > Poland, Russia, the Ukraine, Lithuania, Serbia, Croatia, and the Czech > > and > > > Slovak Republics. (Licia Brussa, "Transnational AIDS/STD Prevention Among > > > Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996) > > > > > > Prostituted women in shop windows in the Netherlands pay rent for the > > > windows, about 150 florins (US$ 90) a day. The woman waits for male > > buyers > > > in a room with a window that looks onto the street. The room contains the > > > bed where she has sex and also lives and sleeps. In some establishments > > two > > > women share a kitchen, a room for eating, a bathroom and toilet. At some > > > sites the buildings comply with general sanitary and administrative rules > > > for the municipality, men patrolling the streets assure security, rents > > are > > > fixed, and neither minors nor victims of trafficking are officially > > allowed > > > to work. In others, up to four women may use the same window room, share > > a > > > single toilet, an improvised shower and no kitchen. In some cases, the > > > women receive one towel and two sheets for use throughout the week. On > > the > > > average, the women work between 12 and 17 hours a day, receiving from 10 > > to > > > 24 clients, at a usual charge of 50 florins for 15 minutes sessions. > > (Licia > > > Brussa, "Transnational AIDS/STD Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in > > > Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996) > > > > > > The Association of Sexclub Owners has created an independent > > organization, > > > Erotriker, which issues Amarks of quality (a grading system) to brothels > > > who apply. The brothels are visited by inspectors who decide whether or > > not > > > a brothel meets certain standards. (Jan H. Visser, "Legalizing Dutch > > > Prostitution; Dutch Preparations for a Different Prostitution Policy, > > > http://www/theblackswan.com/review/article7.htm) > > > > > > There are an estimated 30,000 prostitutes in the Netherlands ("Sex tax > > > Ticks off Dutch," *Associated Press*, 14 October 1997) > > > > > > > > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 2:56 PM, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@>wrote: > > > > > > > ** > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > otak safin _blanc itu makin kaco... > > > > > > > > Human traficking yang jelas-jelas ditentang orang di negeri beradab > > > > dibilangnya . > > > > "praktek yg diterima civilized society.. > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@> > > wrote: > > > > > > > > > > *inilah praktek yg diterima civilized society..* > > > > > > > > > > *di posting tempohari disebutkan bhw di sicilia, cw yg dijual > > umurnya 5 > > > > > tahun...* > > > > > > > > > > *.. * > > > > > > > > > > *..* > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > * > > > > > ---------------------------------------------------------- > > > > > * > > > > > > > > > > *Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation* > > > > > > > > > > *Italy* > > > > > ------------------------------ > > > > > > > > > > *Trafficking* > > > > > > > > > > More than 8,000 Albanian girls are prostituted in Italy, and more > > than > > > > 30% > > > > > of them are under 18 years, stressed participants of a seminar in > > Tirana, > > > > > Albania on the international traffic of women and children. The main > > > > reason > > > > > for this trafficking is the economic inequality between richer > > countries > > > > > and the poverty in Albania. The speakers asked governments and > > > > politicians > > > > > to take measures to ensure that human rights are respected. (G.J. > > Koja, > > > > > "8000 Albanian Girls Work as Prostitutes in Italy," HURINet The > > Human > > > > > Rights Information Network, 25 July 1998) > > > > > > > > > > In Milan, Italy, 80% of street prostitutes are foreigners (Brussa, > > 1995, > > > > > p.49) ("Trafficking of Women to the European Union: Characteristic, > > > > Trends > > > > > and Policy Issues," European Conference on Trafficking in Women, June > > > > 1996, > > > > > IOM, 7 May 1996) > > > > > > > > > > There are 19,000-25,000 foreign prostitutes in Italy. Approximately > > 2,000 > > > > > have been trafficked. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in > > > > Women > > > > > for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > The victims of trafficking are between age 17-20, *with some as > > young as > > > > 14. > > > > > * (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > Education levels of women trafficked into Italy vary. Some, > > particularly > > > > > from Nigeria, have never attended schools; others, especially the > > older > > > > > women, have university degrees. (Migrant Information Programme, > > > > > "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June > > 1996) > > > > > > > > > > The majority of the women and girls trafficked into Italy reported > > that > > > > > they had not engaged in prostitution in their home country. Entry > > into > > > > > Italy was usually legal on a tourist or entertainment visa. (Migrant > > > > > Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation > > to > > > > > Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > In 1994 three legal complaints of forcing someone into slavery were > > > > filed. > > > > > (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > In Milan, women abducted from the countries of the former Soviet > > Union > > > > were > > > > > auctioned on blocks, and sold at an average price of just under > > US$1,000. > > > > > (Michael Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," *New > > York > > > > > Times*, 11 January 1998) > > > > > > > > > > Foreign women in "call girl" prostitution in Italy are from Poland, > > > > Russia, > > > > > Colombia and Argentina and to a lesser extent from Brazil, Hungary, > > > > Romania > > > > > and the Philippines. Frequently they have been in prostitution in > > their > > > > > home country. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women > > for > > > > > Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > 75-80% of the women trafficked for prostitution in Italy are in > > street > > > > > prostitution. Those to whom they are indentured often use violence > > > > against > > > > > women. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > > Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > In Italy, trafficked and/or prostituted Polish women arrived around > > 1989, > > > > > followed, in 1992, by Nigerians and some Peruvians and Colombians. > > > > Between > > > > > 1993 and 1994 Albanians came and, by 1995, it was Albanians and > > > > Nigerians. ( > > > > > *European Race Audit Bulletin *No. 25, The Institute of Race > > Relations, > > > > > London UK, 25 November 1997) > > > > > > > > > > Rome is the concentrated region of trafficked Albanian and Nigerian > > women > > > > > brought for the purpose of prostitution. (*European Race Audit > > Bulletin* > > > > No. > > > > > 25, The Institute of Race Relations, London UK, 25 November 1997) > > > > > > > > > > Girls and women trafficked to Italy are typically single, aged > > 14-18, and > > > > > less frequently aged 19-24 (Caritas, *European Race Audit Bulletin* > > No. > > > > 25, > > > > > The Institute of Race Relations, London UK, 25 November 1997) > > > > > > > > > > Italy was a holding area for Asian children being trafficked by > > Chinese > > > > and > > > > > Japanese criminal gangs ("Pedophilia ring uncovered in Italy," *USA > > > > Today*, > > > > > Nov. 1997) > > > > > > > > > > Foreigners Charged for Encouraging, Exploiting and Aiding and > > > > > Abetting Prostitution. Sex and Countries of Origin, Year 1994 > > > > > *Countries of origin**No. of persons charged**# of > > > > women**Europe**168**19* > > > > > > > > > > > Austria41Belgium10Denmark10France30Germany20Greece21Luxembourg11Albania702Czech > > > > > > > Republic30Ex-Yugoslavia6511Poland41Romania30Turkey10Hungary31Ex-URSS51* > > > > > > > > > > > Africa**57**17*Algeria10Cameroon11Egypt20Ghana21Ethiopia82Morocco30Nigeria18 > > > > > > > 9Senegal51Tunisia121Others52*Asia**4**1*Syria10Thailand11Others20*South > > > > > > > > > > > America**29**18*Argentina22Brazil73Colombia73Peru65Uruguay75*Total**258**55* > > > > > > > > > > Source: ISTAT, Yearbook 1994 > > > > > > > > > > *Methods and Techniques of Traffickers* > > > > > > > > > > Albanian women and girls trafficked into Italy were usually recruited > > > > > informally by friends or relatives. There is usually a relationship > > > > between > > > > > the trafficked woman and her traffickers. Traffickers are often young > > > > > criminals, attracted by the possibility of earning easy money. This > > > > traffic > > > > > in Albanian women tends to be organized by independent groups > > operating > > > > on > > > > > a small scale. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women > > for > > > > > Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > Trafficking from Nigeria is especially well organized, and centers > > > > around a > > > > > female figure called "Mama" who plays a key role in persuading young > > > > women > > > > > to leave their homes for Italy. Women are recruited by means of > > > > deception, > > > > > physical threats or payments made to the women's families. The women > > are > > > > > particularly easily controlled because they and their families are > > forced > > > > > to pay back huge debts to the trafficking organization for the cost > > of > > > > > their trip and related expenses. It can take several years to pay off > > > > these > > > > > debts. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > > Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > Prostitution is hidden by women claiming they are in socially > > accepted > > > > > jobs, such as hostesses and dancers, beauticians, masseuses, > > strippers, > > > > > pornographic video actresses, entertainers. Women in these positions > > are > > > > > frequently trafficked. Many women were in similar circumstances in > > their > > > > > home country and got work permits in Italy as "artists." Some women > > are > > > > > aware of what they are going to do in Italy; some are intentionally > > > > > deceived with prospects of an artistic career as dancers or > > actresses. > > > > This > > > > > type of prostitution generally involves women from Central and > > Eastern > > > > > Europe, Brazil, Colombia and, less frequently, the Philippines. > > (Migrant > > > > > Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation > > to > > > > > Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > Traffickers use the same migration routes and methods that are > > generally > > > > > used for illegal migration from Albania. They use fishing boats to > > the > > > > > limit of territorial waters and small boats to the Italian coast > > > > > (especially on the Otranto Channel, between Pulgia's southern coast > > and > > > > > Albania, or along the Calabrian coast southwards, or the coast of > > Abruzzo > > > > > northwards), or the coast route along the eastern Adriatic coast > > > > > northwards. The total cost of the journey is around US$ 2,800 to > > 5,000 > > > > > depending on the route and the expected difficulties. (Migrant > > > > Information > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," > > IOM, > > > > > June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > Nigerian girls are contracted in the suburbs of cities, such as > > Lagos or > > > > > Benin City, and in the countryside in the south and east. Madams act > > as > > > > > "go-betweens" for girls and women and the traffickers. Money is sent > > to > > > > the > > > > > madam to pay the debt to the traffickers and to the girls' families. > > > > > (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > There are three levels of organization in the trafficking of Nigerian > > > > women > > > > > and girls: the first centers around the "Mama" living in the country > > of > > > > > origin; the second centers around the Nigerian "Mama" in Italy; and > > the > > > > > third, the "messengers," the persons transferring the money from > > Italy to > > > > > Nigeria. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > > Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > Debts for travel are supposed to be paid off in 6 months, but in the > > > > > majority of the cases after three or four years, the girls are still > > in > > > > > prostitution to pay back the debt they owe. (Migrant Information > > > > Programme, > > > > > "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June > > 1996) > > > > > > > > > > A Nigerian madam, or "Mama," supervises and controls the women and > > girls. > > > > > She organizes their activities and collects their profits in Italy. > > The > > > > > women physically and psychologically fear the "Mama." (Migrant > > > > Information > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," > > IOM, > > > > > June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > Very few of the women trafficked to Italy wish to return to their > > country > > > > > of origin. Some say there are no opportunities there. Some fear > > reprisals > > > > > from the traffickers, and others are ashamed to return without being > > able > > > > > to show that they have been successful abroad. (Migrant Information > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," > > IOM, > > > > > June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > *Case* > > > > > > > > > > A trafficking ring operating in Italy headed by Chinese and Japanese > > > > > criminals sold at least 15 children into prostitution in the United > > > > States > > > > > in one month. A Cambodian man, traveling under false documents with > > four > > > > > children, was arrested in Rome in November 1996. He was convicted of > > > > > illegal immigration and receiving stolen goods, and is still under > > > > > investigation on suspicion of involvement in an international sex > > ring. > > > > > (Pitero Forno, Prosecutor, "Pedophilia ring uncovered in Italy," USA > > > > Today, > > > > > Nov. 1997) [catw log9711b] & (ANSA, "Pedophilia ring uncovered in > > > > Italy," *USA > > > > > Today*, Nov. 1997) > > > > > > > > > > *Policy and Law* > > > > > > > > > > There is no specific legislation in Italy that defines the crime of > > > > > trafficking in women. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in > > > > Women > > > > > for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > The Merlin Law of 1958 decriminalized prostitution if it is practiced > > > > > privately, forbids prostitution in brothels, and criminalizes those > > who > > > > > exploit prostitutes or lead women into prostitution, including > > foreign > > > > > women. Such crimes are punishable even if committed in a foreign > > country. > > > > > (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > A foreigner who brings a migrant woman into Italy for the purpose of > > > > > prostitution can, by law, be jailed for up to 7 years. (Migrant > > > > Information > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," > > IOM, > > > > > June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > *Official Response and Action* > > > > > > > > > > Right-wing parties have called upon the authorities to stop > > prostitution > > > > > networks that are run by Albanians. 2/3 of the 15,329 Albanian women > > in > > > > > Italy holding work permits are in prostitution. Despite this, in the > > > > drive > > > > > to combat illegal immigration, Italian authorities have not yet > > targeted > > > > > the sex industry as a focus for action. (Lara Santoro, "For Italy's > > Flood > > > > > of Immigrants Being on the Lam Beats Poverty: Albanians by the > > > > > Boatload," *Christian > > > > > Science Monitor*, 7 January 1997) > > > > > > > > > > United States President Bill Clinton and Italian Prime Minister > > Romano > > > > > Prodi together have officially recognized and addressed trafficking > > in > > > > > women and children for the purpose of forced prostitution. They have > > > > > established a working group in order to deal with the problem. > > ("Clinton, > > > > > Prodi discuss slave trade," *United Press International*, 6 May 1998) > > > > > > > > > > The number of persons charged with encouraging, exploiting and > > aiding and > > > > > abetting prostitution in Italy has increased from 285 in 1990 to 737 > > in > > > > > 1994. In 1994, 35% (258) were foreigners. The number of persons > > charged > > > > > seems to be higher in regions of Italy where there are large numbers > > of > > > > > foreign immigrants such as Lombardy and Lazio. (Migrant Information > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," > > IOM, > > > > > June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > ** > > > > > > > > > > *Prostitution* > > > > > > > > > > Women in the Italian sex industry come from several world regions, > > > > > including Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe. > > > > Communication > > > > > among prostitutes of different nationalities does not occur. (Licia > > > > Brussa, > > > > > "Transnational AIDS/STD Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in > > Europe,"* > > > > > TAMPEP*, 1996) > > > > > > > > > > 80 percent of the street prostitutes in Milan are foreigners (Tampep, > > > > 1995, > > > > > Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > > > > > > > > > > In street prostitution the largest group of migrant women is > > Nigerians, > > > > > followed by Albanians, Russian and Ukrainian women, the rest are > > Latin > > > > > Americans and transsexuals. Two types of pimps control street > > > > prostitution: > > > > > The first are the same nationality as the women and exploit the > > women; > > > > the > > > > > other is mafia organizations. Madams, who are former prostitutes, are > > > > > common among the Nigerian women. (Licia Brussa, "Transnational > > AIDS/STD > > > > > Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996) > > > > > > > > > > One prostituted woman per month is killed in Italy. (Police, Michael > > > > > Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," *New York > > Times*, > > > > 11 > > > > > January 1998) > > > > > > > > > > Italian prostitutes, with the exception of those who are also drug > > > > addicts, > > > > > have retreated to apartments and massage or sun-tanning parlours, > > while > > > > > foreign prostitutes charge lower prices and are on the streets. > > > > (*European > > > > > Race Audit Bulletin* No 25, Institute of Race Relations, London UK, > > 25 > > > > > November 1997) > > > > > > > > > > One third of those charged for prostitution-related offenses in 1994 > > were > > > > > of foreigners, mostly from Eastern Europe. 20% of Albanians > > imprisoned in > > > > > Italian jails are held for prostitution-related offenses. > > (International > > > > > Herald Tribune, 10.7.97, *La Republicca* 26.8.97). > > > > > > > > > > *Health and Well-being* > > > > > > > > > > Women's physical and mental well being are harmed by the isolation > > and > > > > > marginalization they suffer by being confined in closed apartments > > and > > > > > their movements restricted. (Licia Brussa, "Transnational AIDS/STD > > > > > Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996) > > > > > > > > > > *Policy and Law* > > > > > > > > > > Prostitution is legal in Italy (Merlin Law of 1958) so it is > > technically > > > > > illegal for the police to deport foreign prostituted women. Women who > > > > seek > > > > > assistance from police are deported because they do not have a valid > > > > > resident's permit. (*European Race Audit Bulletin* No. 25, The > > Institute > > > > of > > > > > Race Relations, London UK, 25 November 1997) > > > > > > > > > > *Case* > > > > > > > > > > Donato Bilancia of Italy was arrested for the murder of a prostituted > > > > > Nigerian woman and in connection with the murders of five other > > > > prostituted > > > > > women occurring along the Italian Riviera in the past year. (Melanie > > > > > Goodfellow, "Suspect held in Italian prostitute slayings," > > *Reuters*, 7 > > > > May > > > > > 1998) > > > > > > > > > > An HIV-positive prostituted woman in Ravenna, northeast Italy had her > > > > > photograph shown in the media after it was discovered that she was > > bought > > > > > by as many as 5,000 men, some were from as far away as Rome. Men > > favored > > > > > her because she didn't insist on a condom being used. The prosecutors > > > > > office set up two hotlines for men to call for information. Franco > > > > > Grillini, the head of Arcigay, an Italian gay rights group, said men > > who > > > > > demand sex without a condom should be censured also ("Italy HIV > > > > Prostitute > > > > > Photo Shown," *Associated Press*, 15 February 1998) > > > > > > > > > > ** > > > > > > > > > > *Pornography* > > > > > > > > > > 17 people were arrested in June 1997 for producing pornographic films > > > > > of children > > > > > at an elementary school in Naples. (*BBC*, 8 Nov 1997) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 4:19 AM, Gabriella Rantau <gkrantau@>wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > ** > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Si imam dungu itu berkata: "The important thing is that the girl is > > > > ready > > > > > > and can tolerate marriage!" > > > > > > > > > > > > Sedang dia dan semua Muslim tahu bhw perempuan apalagi yg masih di > > > > bawah > > > > > > umur tidak mungkin berani menyangkal, menolak kehendak orang > > tuanya. > > > > Jadi > > > > > > spt halnya Aisha dia mau tidak mau ketika baru umur 9 tahun > > ditiduri > > > > oleh > > > > > > orang yg sudah 50 tahun. [Dan mnrt hadist sebelum consumating the > > > > marriage, > > > > > > sang calon suami sering ngejepitin torpedonya di antara paha si > > anak > > > > imut2 > > > > > > tsb.] > > > > > > > > > > > > Ini jelas praktik yg tidak bisa diterima civilized society di abad > > > > ke-21 > > > > > > ini. > > > > > > > > > > > > Gabriella > > > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________ > > > > > > From: Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@> > > > > > > To: [email protected] > > > > > > Sent: Monday, 19 November 2012 9:12 PM > > > > > > Subject: [proletar] IPS:Radical Clerics Seek to Legalise Child > > Brides > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Islam itu, dan bukan hanya Salafi, sungguh nista dan menjijikkan... > > > > > > > > > > > > Radical Clerics Seek to Legalise Child Brides > > > > > > By Cam McGrath > > > > > > > > > > > > CAIRO, Nov 14 2012 (IPS) - An ultraconservative Salafi cleric > > recently > > > > > > sparked outrage among Egypt's liberal circles when he attempted to > > > > justify > > > > > > his opposition to a proposed constitutional article that would > > outlaw > > > > the > > > > > > trafficking of women for sex. > > > > > > > > > > > > Speaking on privately-owned Al-Nas satellite channel, Sheikh > > Mohamed > > > > Saad > > > > > > El-Azhary said he feared the proposed article could conflict with > > the > > > > local > > > > > > practice of child marriage. He explained that in Egypt, > > particularly in > > > > > > rural areas, there is a culture of marrying off girls as soon as > > they > > > > hit > > > > > > puberty. > > > > > > > > > > > > "The important thing is that the girl is ready and can tolerate > > > > marriage," > > > > > > El-Azhary declared. > > > > > > > > > > > > He went on to protest proposed laws protecting women from violence, > > > > > > warning that if allowed to pass husbands could be prosecuted for > > > > beating > > > > > > their child brides or forcing themselves upon them. > > > > > > > > > > > > "If you have intercourse with your wife against her will, she will > > be > > > > able > > > > > > to file a complaint against you," he said. "That's where things are > > > > headed." > > > > > > > > > > > > Followers of the Salafi trend believe in a literal reading of the > > Quran > > > > > > and hadith (traditions of Prophet Muhammad) and aspire to emulate > > the > > > > > > lifestyle of the Prophet and his companions. Their puritanical > > > > approach to > > > > > > Islam has put them at odds with secular Muslims and minority > > groups, > > > > who > > > > > > denounce their intolerant worldview. > > > > > > > > > > > > For Salafis, the fundamental justification for child marriage is > > > > passages > > > > > > in the hadith that state Prophet Muhammad married his third wife > > when > > > > she > > > > > > was six years old, and consummated the marriage after her first > > menses > > > > at > > > > > > nine. > > > > > > > > > > > > Sheikh Yasser Borhamy, spokesman for the Salafi Dawah, outlined his > > > > > > interpretation of the Quranic texts during an interview with TV > > > > presenter > > > > > > Wael El-Ebrashy. He argued that Egypt's marriage laws contradict > > the > > > > > > provisions of Sharia (Islamic law), as girls should be married off > > once > > > > > > they reach puberty, or before "if she can". > > > > > > > > > > > > "If Islam allowed it during the Prophet's time, it will be > > permissible > > > > > > until the End of Days," Borhamy asserted. > > > > > > > > > > > > While Salafis represent just a small but vocal minority of > > Egyptians, > > > > the > > > > > > recent election of an Islamist parliament and president has > > extended > > > > their > > > > > > political clout. > > > > > > > > > > > > But what deeply concerns child rights advocates is that El-Azhary > > and > > > > > > Borhamy are members of the committee tasked with drafting Egypt's > > new > > > > > > constitution. And they are not alone. Other members of the > > > > Islamist-stacked > > > > > > panel are known to share their views on child marriage and may be > > > > > > attempting to enshrine them in the constitution. > > > > > > > > > > > > "We fought for years to raise the minimum age of marriage for girls > > > > (from > > > > > > 16) to 18, and now the Islamists want to lower it," says women's > > rights > > > > > > activist Azza Kamel. "There are Salafis arguing it should be as > > low as > > > > > > nine." > > > > > > Some battles may have already been lost. > > > > > > > > > > > > When a copy of the constitution's first draft circulated last > > month, > > > > > > rights advocates were shocked to find that a proposed clause > > banning > > > > the > > > > > > trafficking of women had been omitted. Salafi members of the > > drafting > > > > > > committee had argued to have it removed on the grounds that human > > > > > > trafficking "does not exist in Egypt" and its mere mention > > "tarnishes > > > > > > Egypt's image." > > > > > > > > > > > > International agencies strongly disagree. According to a 2010 > > report by > > > > > > the U.S. State Department, human trafficking exists at many levels > > in > > > > > > Egypt. The country is a transit point and destination for > > trafficked > > > > > > African and Asian women and children, who are subjected to forced > > > > labour > > > > > > and prostitution. > > > > > > > > > > > > It is also a source of trafficked women, including young girls > > > > exploited > > > > > > under the guise of marriage. > > > > > > > > > > > > Local NGO Memphis Foundation for Development says the phenomenon of > > > > child > > > > > > marriage is widespread in Egypt, particularly in rural areas where > > > > parents > > > > > > often marry off their daughters early to escape grinding poverty. > > > > Research > > > > > > conducted in 2008 found that nearly a quarter of all marriages > > involved > > > > > > girls under 16. > > > > > > > > > > > > Afaf Marei, director of the Egyptian Association for Community > > > > > > Participation Enhancement (EACPE), says many of these underage > > girls > > > > are > > > > > > sold by their parents to wealthy Gulf Arabs who come to Egypt in > > > > search of > > > > > > "summer brides". > > > > > > > > > > > > The marriages are arranged by lawyers who act as brokers, and may > > last > > > > > > from hours to months according to the "dowry" paid to the parents. > > > > Often > > > > > > the transaction is made without the girl's knowledge or consent. > > > > > > > > > > > > "These marriages are a form of trafficking women (under the > > pretence > > > > of) > > > > > > Islamic law," says Marei. > > > > > > > > > > > > The Muslim Brotherhood, the conservative Islamic group that > > dominated > > > > this > > > > > > year's parliamentary and presidential polls, has kept a low > > profile in > > > > the > > > > > > discourse on child marriage. While some reformists in the group > > reject > > > > the > > > > > > practice, its hardline leaders were the principal opponents of the > > > > 2008 law > > > > > > that raised the minimum marriage age of girls to 18. > > > > > > > > > > > > Now, as pressure mounts on the constitutional drafting body to > > have the > > > > > > document ready by a Dec. 12 deadline, the Brotherhood's weight > > could > > > > prove > > > > > > decisive both on the panel and at the polls. If the constitution > > goes > > > > to a > > > > > > referendum without a clause explicitly banning the trafficking of > > > > women, it > > > > > > is likely to pass given the Brotherhood's ability to rally public > > > > support, > > > > > > say liberal activists. > > > > > > > > > > > > "We're fighting to win, but rationally I don't think we can," > > concedes > > > > > > Amal Abdel Hadi, head of the New Women Foundation. "This is just > > one > > > > battle > > > > > > and we're fighting the Islamists on even greater issues such as (to > > > > > > guarantee) the equality of citizenship." (END) > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > ------------------------------------ Post message: [email protected] Subscribe : [email protected] Unsubscribe : [email protected] List owner : [email protected] Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! 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