Sedeng...
Otak babi. Pelacur yang ada di Wallen itu artinya dapat izin untuk tinggal dinegeri Belanda, jadi bukan korban human trafficking... --- In [email protected], ayub <ayubyahya@...> wrote: > > kalo minta bukti human trafficking adalah kejahatan yg diusahakan > untuk "dibasmi"... ini sama aja fitnah dirinya sendiri ( "munapig" ) > > kalo bukti human trafficking adalah "obyek wisata" sebagai penghasil > > devisa yg sebagian di alokasikan buat tunjangan... buuanyak buktinya > > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--h_fKBYtlQ&feature=related > > > pig ... 2 hari lagi, selamat menikmati tunjangan dari para wanita2 mulia, > terima tunjangan tiap Tg. 25 kan....?! > > hiks hiks..hiks > > > > > ________________________________ > From: safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@...> > > > Â > human trafficking adalah kejahatan yg "diusahakan" untuk dibasmi katanya... > haha... > terserah lu aja dah, .. > .. > lu buktikan aja sendiri pig, lu juga tinggalnya nggak jauh2 amat dari > tempat perempuan dieksploitir itu.. > yg dari hungary, romania, nigeria, maroko, atau dari manapun, apa > mereka memang dengan senang hati ada disitu... > .. > hasil pembuktian, laporkan ke masyarakat prol disini.. > .. > .. > > On Fri, Nov 23, 2012 at 1:21 AM, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@...> wrote: > > > > safin _blanc yang dungu kayak anjing itu ngaco lagi... > > > > Setelah membual bilang human trafficking (yang adalah kejahatan di negeri > > Belanda dan ditanggulangi untuk dibasmi) orang "menerima keadaan itu" > > sekarang diua pamer isi otaknya yang suahrusak dan tidak bisa dipakainya > > memahami apa yang saya katrakan. > > . > > Begitu rusak otaknya hingga dia tidak paham perbandingan yang saya > > sampaikan: human traficcking itu adalah kejahatan yang diusahakan untuk > > dibasmi, tapi masih tetap saja ada, seperti juga perampokan yang adalah > > kejahatan yang diusakan untuk dibasmi tapi tetap saja ada. > > > > Dan dia tentu saja tidak bisa membuktikan bahwa "setelah > > bayar penalty, trafficked victims bebas bekerja di bordel2 belanda... " > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@> wrote: > >> > >> bullshit lagi..., lu bloon apa sakit otak sih, piiig, pig... > >> apa lu mau bilang perampok bayar pajak??? > >> lha bordel yg nampung trafficking victims itu apa nggak ada yg > >> ngendus...??? > >> enggak kok, mereka bayar pajak.. > >> kalo lu dapet uang makan dari pembayar pajak, pig.. > >> artinya lu juga makan uang lendir lonte... > >> menjijikkan .. > >> atau emak lu juga lonte, pig??? > >> .. > >> mau menyalak apa lagi kau, babi??? > >> .. > >> (eh, babi nggak menyalak ya?.. haha.. hup, maap saderek penonton.. sukarno > >> aja silap...) > >> > >> > >> On Thu, Nov 22, 2012 at 3:35 PM, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@>wrote: > >> > >> > ** > >> > > >> > > >> > > >> > safin _blanc yang dungu kayak anjing itu ngaco lagi... > >> > > >> > Human trafficking yang adalah kejahatan dinegeri Belanda dan > >> > ditanggulangi > >> > untuk dibasmi, dibilangnya diterima. > >> > > >> > Sebagai perbandingan: perampok juga ada di negeri Balanda, dan merampok > >> > itu adalah kejahatan, juga di negeri Belanda. > >> > > >> > > >> > --- In [email protected], safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@> wrote: > >> > > > >> > > bullshit!!! > >> > > > >> > > dipandang dari satu sisi memang nggak diterima, disisi lain, setelah > >> > bayar > >> > > penalty, trafficked victims bebas bekerja di bordel2 belanda... artinya > >> > > apa, pig? > >> > > .. > >> > > ada 6000an lokalisasi di belanda, pig!!! kalau satu tempat 'anak > >> > didik'nya > >> > > 10 orang, berapa semuanya? > >> > > apa orang belanda melulu??? kagak, 70% trafficked victims berakhir di > >> > situ. > >> > > dan belanda isinya cuma 17 jutaan orang .. > >> > > selain otak yg kopong, apa mata lu juga picek??? > >> > > .. > >> > > silahkan menggonggong.. > >> > > 60 ribu perempuan diperjual belikan (data ini macem2, lu cari sendiri > >> > mana > >> > > yg bener) > >> > > mereka bayar tax, sebagian utk bayar ente... > >> > > menjijikkan.. > >> > > .. > >> > > .. > >> > > > >> > > On Wed, Nov 21, 2012 at 11:17 PM, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@ > >> > ...>wrote: > >> > > > >> > > > ** > >> > > >> > > > > >> > > > > >> > > > > >> > > > Tolol. > >> > > > > >> > > > Bodoh. > >> > > > > >> > > > Goblok. > >> > > > > >> > > > Dungu. > >> > > > > >> > > > Pandir. > >> > > > > >> > > > Otak anjing. > >> > > > > >> > > > Ni orang demen bener menggongong asal menyalak. > >> > > > > >> > > > Jadi human trafficking itu di ngeri Belanda adalaha kejahatan dan > >> > > > bukan > >> > > > "praktek yg diterima". > >> > > > > >> > > > > >> > > > --- In [email protected], safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@> > >> > wrote: > >> > > > > > >> > > > > kejahatan bukan nggak ada di belanda.. > >> > > > > nih, telen.. biar otakmu agak ada gunanya... > >> > > > > .. > >> > > > > .. > >> > > > > Increase in human trafficking in Netherlands > >> > > > > *Latest figures show more women, especially from Hungary and China, > >> > > > falling > >> > > > > prey to human traffickers.* > >> > > > > >> > > > > THE NETHERLANDS Human trafficking in the Netherlands is on the > >> > rise, > >> > > > > according to figures obtained from the National Centre against > >> > > > > Human > >> > > > > Trafficking. > >> > > > > > >> > > > > Dutch newspaper Trouw reports there were 809 registered victims of > >> > human > >> > > > > trafficking last year, up from 716 in 2007. > >> > > > > > >> > > > > The figures show a substantial increase in the number of victims > >> > > > > from > >> > > > > Hungary and China. Some 763 were women and at least 60 percent of > >> > them > >> > > > were > >> > > > > forced to work in the sex industry. > >> > > > > > >> > > > > According to the report, the increase in number of victims were > >> > > > > from > >> > > > > Hungary - from 12 in 2007 to 43 last year - and could point to a > >> > shift of > >> > > > > the smuggling networks in Eastern Europe. All victims from Hungary > >> > were > >> > > > > female and were forced into prostitution. > >> > > > > > >> > > > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:07 PM, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@ > >> > > > ...>wrote: > >> > > > > > >> > > > > > ** > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > >> > > > > > otak safin _blanc itu jelas sudah rusak berat... > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > > Human traficking di negeri Belanda adalah kejahatan... > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > >> > http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/showNIPsection.action?country=Netherlands. > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > > --- In [email protected], safin _blanc <pandan.wangi558@> > >> > > > wrote: > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > pig, pig,... > >> > > > > > > yg nentang itu cuman institusi yg tidak terdengar.. > >> > > > > > > masyarakatnya oke-oke saja.., artinya menerima keadaan itu.. > >> > > > > > > gitu aja lu dongok teing.. > >> > > > > > > .. > >> > > > > > > .. > >> > > > > > > ni buat lu pelototin... > >> > > > > > > daripada ngapalin kata2 tolol, goblog, pandir doang utk orang > >> > lain.. > >> > > > > > > .. > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > There are 250 officially listed brothels in Amsterdam, > >> > Netherlands > >> > > > as of > >> > > > > > > 1997. (Marie-Victoire Louis, "Legalising Pimping, Dutch Style," > >> > *Le > >> > > > Monde > >> > > > > > > Diplomatique*, 8 March 1997) > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > Most of the prostituted women in shop windows in the > >> > > > > > > Netherlands > >> > are > >> > > > > > > migrants from the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, > >> > > > > > > Ghana, > >> > > > Benin, > >> > > > > > > Poland, Russia, the Ukraine, Lithuania, Serbia, Croatia, and > >> > > > > > > the > >> > > > Czech > >> > > > > > and > >> > > > > > > Slovak Republics. (Licia Brussa, "Transnational AIDS/STD > >> > Prevention > >> > > > Among > >> > > > > > > Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996) > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > Prostituted women in shop windows in the Netherlands pay rent > >> > for the > >> > > > > > > windows, about 150 florins (US$ 90) a day. The woman waits for > >> > male > >> > > > > > buyers > >> > > > > > > in a room with a window that looks onto the street. The room > >> > > > contains the > >> > > > > > > bed where she has sex and also lives and sleeps. In some > >> > > > establishments > >> > > > > > two > >> > > > > > > women share a kitchen, a room for eating, a bathroom and > >> > > > > > > toilet. > >> > At > >> > > > some > >> > > > > > > sites the buildings comply with general sanitary and > >> > administrative > >> > > > rules > >> > > > > > > for the municipality, men patrolling the streets assure > >> > > > > > > security, > >> > > > rents > >> > > > > > are > >> > > > > > > fixed, and neither minors nor victims of trafficking are > >> > officially > >> > > > > > allowed > >> > > > > > > to work. In others, up to four women may use the same window > >> > room, > >> > > > share > >> > > > > > a > >> > > > > > > single toilet, an improvised shower and no kitchen. In some > >> > cases, > >> > > > the > >> > > > > > > women receive one towel and two sheets for use throughout the > >> > week. > >> > > > On > >> > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > average, the women work between 12 and 17 hours a day, > >> > > > > > > receiving > >> > > > from 10 > >> > > > > > to > >> > > > > > > 24 clients, at a usual charge of 50 florins for 15 minutes > >> > sessions. > >> > > > > > (Licia > >> > > > > > > Brussa, "Transnational AIDS/STD Prevention Among Migrant > >> > Prostitutes > >> > > > in > >> > > > > > > Europe," *TAMPEP*, 1996) > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > The Association of Sexclub Owners has created an independent > >> > > > > > organization, > >> > > > > > > Erotriker, which issues Amarks of quality (a grading system) to > >> > > > brothels > >> > > > > > > who apply. The brothels are visited by inspectors who decide > >> > whether > >> > > > or > >> > > > > > not > >> > > > > > > a brothel meets certain standards. (Jan H. Visser, "Legalizing > >> > Dutch > >> > > > > > > Prostitution; Dutch Preparations for a Different Prostitution > >> > Policy, > >> > > > > > > http://www/theblackswan.com/review/article7.htm) > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > There are an estimated 30,000 prostitutes in the Netherlands > >> > ("Sex > >> > > > tax > >> > > > > > > Ticks off Dutch," *Associated Press*, 14 October 1997) > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 2:56 PM, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@ > >> > > > >wrote: > >> > > > > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > ** > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > otak safin _blanc itu makin kaco... > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > Human traficking yang jelas-jelas ditentang orang di negeri > >> > beradab > >> > > > > > > > dibilangnya . > >> > > > > > > > "praktek yg diterima civilized society.. > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], safin _blanc > >> > <pandan.wangi558@> > >> > > > > > wrote: > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *inilah praktek yg diterima civilized society..* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *di posting tempohari disebutkan bhw di sicilia, cw yg > >> > > > > > > > > dijual > >> > > > > > umurnya 5 > >> > > > > > > > > tahun...* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *.. * > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *..* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > * > >> > > > > > > > > ---------------------------------------------------------- > >> > > > > > > > > * > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Italy* > >> > > > > > > > > ------------------------------ > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Trafficking* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > More than 8,000 Albanian girls are prostituted in Italy, > >> > > > > > > > > and > >> > more > >> > > > > > than > >> > > > > > > > 30% > >> > > > > > > > > of them are under 18 years, stressed participants of a > >> > seminar in > >> > > > > > Tirana, > >> > > > > > > > > Albania on the international traffic of women and children. > >> > The > >> > > > main > >> > > > > > > > reason > >> > > > > > > > > for this trafficking is the economic inequality between > >> > richer > >> > > > > > countries > >> > > > > > > > > and the poverty in Albania. The speakers asked governments > >> > and > >> > > > > > > > politicians > >> > > > > > > > > to take measures to ensure that human rights are respected. > >> > (G.J. > >> > > > > > Koja, > >> > > > > > > > > "8000 Albanian Girls Work as Prostitutes in Italy," HURINet > >> > The > >> > > > > > Human > >> > > > > > > > > Rights Information Network, 25 July 1998) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > In Milan, Italy, 80% of street prostitutes are foreigners > >> > > > (Brussa, > >> > > > > > 1995, > >> > > > > > > > > p.49) ("Trafficking of Women to the European Union: > >> > > > Characteristic, > >> > > > > > > > Trends > >> > > > > > > > > and Policy Issues," European Conference on Trafficking in > >> > Women, > >> > > > June > >> > > > > > > > 1996, > >> > > > > > > > > IOM, 7 May 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > There are 19,000-25,000 foreign prostitutes in Italy. > >> > > > Approximately > >> > > > > > 2,000 > >> > > > > > > > > have been trafficked. (Migrant Information Programme, > >> > > > "Trafficking in > >> > > > > > > > Women > >> > > > > > > > > for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > The victims of trafficking are between age 17-20, *with > >> > > > > > > > > some > >> > as > >> > > > > > young as > >> > > > > > > > 14. > >> > > > > > > > > * (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > >> > > > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Education levels of women trafficked into Italy vary. Some, > >> > > > > > particularly > >> > > > > > > > > from Nigeria, have never attended schools; others, > >> > especially the > >> > > > > > older > >> > > > > > > > > women, have university degrees. (Migrant Information > >> > Programme, > >> > > > > > > > > "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," > >> > > > > > > > > IOM, > >> > > > June > >> > > > > > 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > The majority of the women and girls trafficked into Italy > >> > > > reported > >> > > > > > that > >> > > > > > > > > they had not engaged in prostitution in their home country. > >> > Entry > >> > > > > > into > >> > > > > > > > > Italy was usually legal on a tourist or entertainment visa. > >> > > > (Migrant > >> > > > > > > > > Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual > >> > > > Exploitation > >> > > > > > to > >> > > > > > > > > Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > In 1994 three legal complaints of forcing someone into > >> > slavery > >> > > > were > >> > > > > > > > filed. > >> > > > > > > > > (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > >> > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > In Milan, women abducted from the countries of the former > >> > Soviet > >> > > > > > Union > >> > > > > > > > were > >> > > > > > > > > auctioned on blocks, and sold at an average price of just > >> > under > >> > > > > > US$1,000. > >> > > > > > > > > (Michael Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo: Naive Slavic > >> > Women," > >> > > > *New > >> > > > > > York > >> > > > > > > > > Times*, 11 January 1998) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Foreign women in "call girl" prostitution in Italy are from > >> > > > Poland, > >> > > > > > > > Russia, > >> > > > > > > > > Colombia and Argentina and to a lesser extent from Brazil, > >> > > > Hungary, > >> > > > > > > > Romania > >> > > > > > > > > and the Philippines. Frequently they have been in > >> > prostitution in > >> > > > > > their > >> > > > > > > > > home country. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking > >> > > > > > > > > in > >> > > > Women > >> > > > > > for > >> > > > > > > > > Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > 75-80% of the women trafficked for prostitution in Italy > >> > > > > > > > > are > >> > in > >> > > > > > street > >> > > > > > > > > prostitution. Those to whom they are indentured often use > >> > > > violence > >> > > > > > > > against > >> > > > > > > > > women. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in > >> > > > > > > > > Women > >> > for > >> > > > > > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > In Italy, trafficked and/or prostituted Polish women > >> > > > > > > > > arrived > >> > > > around > >> > > > > > 1989, > >> > > > > > > > > followed, in 1992, by Nigerians and some Peruvians and > >> > > > Colombians. > >> > > > > > > > Between > >> > > > > > > > > 1993 and 1994 Albanians came and, by 1995, it was Albanians > >> > and > >> > > > > > > > Nigerians. ( > >> > > > > > > > > *European Race Audit Bulletin *No. 25, The Institute of > >> > > > > > > > > Race > >> > > > > > Relations, > >> > > > > > > > > London UK, 25 November 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Rome is the concentrated region of trafficked Albanian and > >> > > > Nigerian > >> > > > > > women > >> > > > > > > > > brought for the purpose of prostitution. (*European Race > >> > Audit > >> > > > > > Bulletin* > >> > > > > > > > No. > >> > > > > > > > > 25, The Institute of Race Relations, London UK, 25 November > >> > 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Girls and women trafficked to Italy are typically single, > >> > aged > >> > > > > > 14-18, and > >> > > > > > > > > less frequently aged 19-24 (Caritas, *European Race Audit > >> > > > Bulletin* > >> > > > > > No. > >> > > > > > > > 25, > >> > > > > > > > > The Institute of Race Relations, London UK, 25 November > >> > > > > > > > > 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Italy was a holding area for Asian children being > >> > > > > > > > > trafficked > >> > by > >> > > > > > Chinese > >> > > > > > > > and > >> > > > > > > > > Japanese criminal gangs ("Pedophilia ring uncovered in > >> > Italy," > >> > > > *USA > >> > > > > > > > Today*, > >> > > > > > > > > Nov. 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Foreigners Charged for Encouraging, Exploiting and Aiding > >> > > > > > > > > and > >> > > > > > > > > Abetting Prostitution. Sex and Countries of Origin, Year > >> > > > > > > > > 1994 > >> > > > > > > > > *Countries of origin**No. of persons charged**# of > >> > > > > > > > women**Europe**168**19* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > >> > Austria41Belgium10Denmark10France30Germany20Greece21Luxembourg11Albania702Czech > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > Republic30Ex-Yugoslavia6511Poland41Romania30Turkey10Hungary31Ex-URSS51* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > >> > Africa**57**17*Algeria10Cameroon11Egypt20Ghana21Ethiopia82Morocco30Nigeria18 > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > 9Senegal51Tunisia121Others52*Asia**4**1*Syria10Thailand11Others20*South > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > >> > America**29**18*Argentina22Brazil73Colombia73Peru65Uruguay75*Total**258**55* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Source: ISTAT, Yearbook 1994 > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Methods and Techniques of Traffickers* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Albanian women and girls trafficked into Italy were usually > >> > > > recruited > >> > > > > > > > > informally by friends or relatives. There is usually a > >> > > > relationship > >> > > > > > > > between > >> > > > > > > > > the trafficked woman and her traffickers. Traffickers are > >> > often > >> > > > young > >> > > > > > > > > criminals, attracted by the possibility of earning easy > >> > money. > >> > > > This > >> > > > > > > > traffic > >> > > > > > > > > in Albanian women tends to be organized by independent > >> > > > > > > > > groups > >> > > > > > operating > >> > > > > > > > on > >> > > > > > > > > a small scale. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking > >> > in > >> > > > Women > >> > > > > > for > >> > > > > > > > > Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Trafficking from Nigeria is especially well organized, and > >> > > > centers > >> > > > > > > > around a > >> > > > > > > > > female figure called "Mama" who plays a key role in > >> > persuading > >> > > > young > >> > > > > > > > women > >> > > > > > > > > to leave their homes for Italy. Women are recruited by > >> > > > > > > > > means > >> > of > >> > > > > > > > deception, > >> > > > > > > > > physical threats or payments made to the women's families. > >> > The > >> > > > women > >> > > > > > are > >> > > > > > > > > particularly easily controlled because they and their > >> > families > >> > > > are > >> > > > > > forced > >> > > > > > > > > to pay back huge debts to the trafficking organization for > >> > the > >> > > > cost > >> > > > > > of > >> > > > > > > > > their trip and related expenses. It can take several years > >> > > > > > > > > to > >> > > > pay off > >> > > > > > > > these > >> > > > > > > > > debts. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in > >> > > > > > > > > Women > >> > for > >> > > > > > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Prostitution is hidden by women claiming they are in > >> > > > > > > > > socially > >> > > > > > accepted > >> > > > > > > > > jobs, such as hostesses and dancers, beauticians, > >> > > > > > > > > masseuses, > >> > > > > > strippers, > >> > > > > > > > > pornographic video actresses, entertainers. Women in these > >> > > > positions > >> > > > > > are > >> > > > > > > > > frequently trafficked. Many women were in similar > >> > circumstances > >> > > > in > >> > > > > > their > >> > > > > > > > > home country and got work permits in Italy as "artists." > >> > > > > > > > > Some > >> > > > women > >> > > > > > are > >> > > > > > > > > aware of what they are going to do in Italy; some are > >> > > > intentionally > >> > > > > > > > > deceived with prospects of an artistic career as dancers or > >> > > > > > actresses. > >> > > > > > > > This > >> > > > > > > > > type of prostitution generally involves women from Central > >> > and > >> > > > > > Eastern > >> > > > > > > > > Europe, Brazil, Colombia and, less frequently, the > >> > Philippines. > >> > > > > > (Migrant > >> > > > > > > > > Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual > >> > > > Exploitation > >> > > > > > to > >> > > > > > > > > Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Traffickers use the same migration routes and methods that > >> > are > >> > > > > > generally > >> > > > > > > > > used for illegal migration from Albania. They use fishing > >> > boats > >> > > > to > >> > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > limit of territorial waters and small boats to the Italian > >> > coast > >> > > > > > > > > (especially on the Otranto Channel, between Pulgia's > >> > > > > > > > > southern > >> > > > coast > >> > > > > > and > >> > > > > > > > > Albania, or along the Calabrian coast southwards, or the > >> > coast of > >> > > > > > Abruzzo > >> > > > > > > > > northwards), or the coast route along the eastern Adriatic > >> > coast > >> > > > > > > > > northwards. The total cost of the journey is around US$ > >> > 2,800 to > >> > > > > > 5,000 > >> > > > > > > > > depending on the route and the expected difficulties. > >> > (Migrant > >> > > > > > > > Information > >> > > > > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to > >> > > > Italy," > >> > > > > > IOM, > >> > > > > > > > > June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Nigerian girls are contracted in the suburbs of cities, > >> > > > > > > > > such > >> > as > >> > > > > > Lagos or > >> > > > > > > > > Benin City, and in the countryside in the south and east. > >> > Madams > >> > > > act > >> > > > > > as > >> > > > > > > > > "go-betweens" for girls and women and the traffickers. > >> > > > > > > > > Money > >> > is > >> > > > sent > >> > > > > > to > >> > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > madam to pay the debt to the traffickers and to the girls' > >> > > > families. > >> > > > > > > > > (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > >> > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > There are three levels of organization in the trafficking > >> > > > > > > > > of > >> > > > Nigerian > >> > > > > > > > women > >> > > > > > > > > and girls: the first centers around the "Mama" living in > >> > > > > > > > > the > >> > > > country > >> > > > > > of > >> > > > > > > > > origin; the second centers around the Nigerian "Mama" in > >> > Italy; > >> > > > and > >> > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > third, the "messengers," the persons transferring the money > >> > from > >> > > > > > Italy to > >> > > > > > > > > Nigeria. (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in > >> > Women > >> > > > for > >> > > > > > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Debts for travel are supposed to be paid off in 6 months, > >> > but in > >> > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > majority of the cases after three or four years, the girls > >> > are > >> > > > still > >> > > > > > in > >> > > > > > > > > prostitution to pay back the debt they owe. (Migrant > >> > Information > >> > > > > > > > Programme, > >> > > > > > > > > "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," > >> > > > > > > > > IOM, > >> > > > June > >> > > > > > 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > A Nigerian madam, or "Mama," supervises and controls the > >> > women > >> > > > and > >> > > > > > girls. > >> > > > > > > > > She organizes their activities and collects their profits > >> > > > > > > > > in > >> > > > Italy. > >> > > > > > The > >> > > > > > > > > women physically and psychologically fear the "Mama." > >> > (Migrant > >> > > > > > > > Information > >> > > > > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to > >> > > > Italy," > >> > > > > > IOM, > >> > > > > > > > > June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Very few of the women trafficked to Italy wish to return to > >> > their > >> > > > > > country > >> > > > > > > > > of origin. Some say there are no opportunities there. Some > >> > fear > >> > > > > > reprisals > >> > > > > > > > > from the traffickers, and others are ashamed to return > >> > without > >> > > > being > >> > > > > > able > >> > > > > > > > > to show that they have been successful abroad. (Migrant > >> > > > Information > >> > > > > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to > >> > > > Italy," > >> > > > > > IOM, > >> > > > > > > > > June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Case* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > A trafficking ring operating in Italy headed by Chinese and > >> > > > Japanese > >> > > > > > > > > criminals sold at least 15 children into prostitution in > >> > > > > > > > > the > >> > > > United > >> > > > > > > > States > >> > > > > > > > > in one month. A Cambodian man, traveling under false > >> > documents > >> > > > with > >> > > > > > four > >> > > > > > > > > children, was arrested in Rome in November 1996. He was > >> > > > convicted of > >> > > > > > > > > illegal immigration and receiving stolen goods, and is > >> > > > > > > > > still > >> > > > under > >> > > > > > > > > investigation on suspicion of involvement in an > >> > international sex > >> > > > > > ring. > >> > > > > > > > > (Pitero Forno, Prosecutor, "Pedophilia ring uncovered in > >> > Italy," > >> > > > USA > >> > > > > > > > Today, > >> > > > > > > > > Nov. 1997) [catw log9711b] & (ANSA, "Pedophilia ring > >> > uncovered in > >> > > > > > > > Italy," *USA > >> > > > > > > > > Today*, Nov. 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Policy and Law* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > There is no specific legislation in Italy that defines the > >> > crime > >> > > > of > >> > > > > > > > > trafficking in women. (Migrant Information Programme, > >> > > > "Trafficking in > >> > > > > > > > Women > >> > > > > > > > > for Sexual Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > The Merlin Law of 1958 decriminalized prostitution if it is > >> > > > practiced > >> > > > > > > > > privately, forbids prostitution in brothels, and > >> > > > > > > > > criminalizes > >> > > > those > >> > > > > > who > >> > > > > > > > > exploit prostitutes or lead women into prostitution, > >> > including > >> > > > > > foreign > >> > > > > > > > > women. Such crimes are punishable even if committed in a > >> > foreign > >> > > > > > country. > >> > > > > > > > > (Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > >> > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > A foreigner who brings a migrant woman into Italy for the > >> > > > purpose of > >> > > > > > > > > prostitution can, by law, be jailed for up to 7 years. > >> > (Migrant > >> > > > > > > > Information > >> > > > > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to > >> > > > Italy," > >> > > > > > IOM, > >> > > > > > > > > June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Official Response and Action* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Right-wing parties have called upon the authorities to stop > >> > > > > > prostitution > >> > > > > > > > > networks that are run by Albanians. 2/3 of the 15,329 > >> > Albanian > >> > > > women > >> > > > > > in > >> > > > > > > > > Italy holding work permits are in prostitution. Despite > >> > this, in > >> > > > the > >> > > > > > > > drive > >> > > > > > > > > to combat illegal immigration, Italian authorities have not > >> > yet > >> > > > > > targeted > >> > > > > > > > > the sex industry as a focus for action. (Lara Santoro, "For > >> > > > Italy's > >> > > > > > Flood > >> > > > > > > > > of Immigrants Being on the Lam Beats Poverty: Albanians by > >> > the > >> > > > > > > > > Boatload," *Christian > >> > > > > > > > > Science Monitor*, 7 January 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > United States President Bill Clinton and Italian Prime > >> > Minister > >> > > > > > Romano > >> > > > > > > > > Prodi together have officially recognized and addressed > >> > > > trafficking > >> > > > > > in > >> > > > > > > > > women and children for the purpose of forced prostitution. > >> > They > >> > > > have > >> > > > > > > > > established a working group in order to deal with the > >> > problem. > >> > > > > > ("Clinton, > >> > > > > > > > > Prodi discuss slave trade," *United Press International*, 6 > >> > May > >> > > > 1998) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > The number of persons charged with encouraging, exploiting > >> > and > >> > > > > > aiding and > >> > > > > > > > > abetting prostitution in Italy has increased from 285 in > >> > 1990 to > >> > > > 737 > >> > > > > > in > >> > > > > > > > > 1994. In 1994, 35% (258) were foreigners. The number of > >> > persons > >> > > > > > charged > >> > > > > > > > > seems to be higher in regions of Italy where there are > >> > > > > > > > > large > >> > > > numbers > >> > > > > > of > >> > > > > > > > > foreign immigrants such as Lombardy and Lazio. (Migrant > >> > > > Information > >> > > > > > > > > Programme, "Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation to > >> > > > Italy," > >> > > > > > IOM, > >> > > > > > > > > June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > ** > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Prostitution* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Women in the Italian sex industry come from several world > >> > > > regions, > >> > > > > > > > > including Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern > >> > > > > > > > > Europe. > >> > > > > > > > Communication > >> > > > > > > > > among prostitutes of different nationalities does not > >> > > > > > > > > occur. > >> > > > (Licia > >> > > > > > > > Brussa, > >> > > > > > > > > "Transnational AIDS/STD Prevention Among Migrant > >> > > > > > > > > Prostitutes > >> > in > >> > > > > > Europe,"* > >> > > > > > > > > TAMPEP*, 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > 80 percent of the street prostitutes in Milan are > >> > > > > > > > > foreigners > >> > > > (Tampep, > >> > > > > > > > 1995, > >> > > > > > > > > Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for > >> > Sexual > >> > > > > > > > > Exploitation to Italy," IOM, June 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > In street prostitution the largest group of migrant women > >> > > > > > > > > is > >> > > > > > Nigerians, > >> > > > > > > > > followed by Albanians, Russian and Ukrainian women, the > >> > > > > > > > > rest > >> > are > >> > > > > > Latin > >> > > > > > > > > Americans and transsexuals. Two types of pimps control > >> > > > > > > > > street > >> > > > > > > > prostitution: > >> > > > > > > > > The first are the same nationality as the women and exploit > >> > the > >> > > > > > women; > >> > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > other is mafia organizations. Madams, who are former > >> > > > prostitutes, are > >> > > > > > > > > common among the Nigerian women. (Licia Brussa, > >> > "Transnational > >> > > > > > AIDS/STD > >> > > > > > > > > Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, > >> > 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > One prostituted woman per month is killed in Italy. > >> > > > > > > > > (Police, > >> > > > Michael > >> > > > > > > > > Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," *New > >> > York > >> > > > > > Times*, > >> > > > > > > > 11 > >> > > > > > > > > January 1998) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Italian prostitutes, with the exception of those who are > >> > > > > > > > > also > >> > > > drug > >> > > > > > > > addicts, > >> > > > > > > > > have retreated to apartments and massage or sun-tanning > >> > parlours, > >> > > > > > while > >> > > > > > > > > foreign prostitutes charge lower prices and are on the > >> > streets. > >> > > > > > > > (*European > >> > > > > > > > > Race Audit Bulletin* No 25, Institute of Race Relations, > >> > London > >> > > > UK, > >> > > > > > 25 > >> > > > > > > > > November 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > One third of those charged for prostitution-related > >> > > > > > > > > offenses > >> > in > >> > > > 1994 > >> > > > > > were > >> > > > > > > > > of foreigners, mostly from Eastern Europe. 20% of Albanians > >> > > > > > imprisoned in > >> > > > > > > > > Italian jails are held for prostitution-related offenses. > >> > > > > > (International > >> > > > > > > > > Herald Tribune, 10.7.97, *La Republicca* 26.8.97). > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Health and Well-being* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Women's physical and mental well being are harmed by the > >> > > > isolation > >> > > > > > and > >> > > > > > > > > marginalization they suffer by being confined in closed > >> > > > apartments > >> > > > > > and > >> > > > > > > > > their movements restricted. (Licia Brussa, "Transnational > >> > > > AIDS/STD > >> > > > > > > > > Prevention Among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe," *TAMPEP*, > >> > 1996) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Policy and Law* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Prostitution is legal in Italy (Merlin Law of 1958) so it > >> > > > > > > > > is > >> > > > > > technically > >> > > > > > > > > illegal for the police to deport foreign prostituted women. > >> > > > Women who > >> > > > > > > > seek > >> > > > > > > > > assistance from police are deported because they do not > >> > > > > > > > > have > >> > a > >> > > > valid > >> > > > > > > > > resident's permit. (*European Race Audit Bulletin* No. 25, > >> > The > >> > > > > > Institute > >> > > > > > > > of > >> > > > > > > > > Race Relations, London UK, 25 November 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Case* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Donato Bilancia of Italy was arrested for the murder of a > >> > > > prostituted > >> > > > > > > > > Nigerian woman and in connection with the murders of five > >> > other > >> > > > > > > > prostituted > >> > > > > > > > > women occurring along the Italian Riviera in the past year. > >> > > > (Melanie > >> > > > > > > > > Goodfellow, "Suspect held in Italian prostitute slayings," > >> > > > > > *Reuters*, 7 > >> > > > > > > > May > >> > > > > > > > > 1998) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > An HIV-positive prostituted woman in Ravenna, northeast > >> > > > > > > > > Italy > >> > > > had her > >> > > > > > > > > photograph shown in the media after it was discovered that > >> > she > >> > > > was > >> > > > > > bought > >> > > > > > > > > by as many as 5,000 men, some were from as far away as > >> > > > > > > > > Rome. > >> > Men > >> > > > > > favored > >> > > > > > > > > her because she didn't insist on a condom being used. The > >> > > > prosecutors > >> > > > > > > > > office set up two hotlines for men to call for information. > >> > > > Franco > >> > > > > > > > > Grillini, the head of Arcigay, an Italian gay rights group, > >> > said > >> > > > men > >> > > > > > who > >> > > > > > > > > demand sex without a condom should be censured also ("Italy > >> > HIV > >> > > > > > > > Prostitute > >> > > > > > > > > Photo Shown," *Associated Press*, 15 February 1998) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > ** > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > *Pornography* > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > 17 people were arrested in June 1997 for producing > >> > pornographic > >> > > > films > >> > > > > > > > > of children > >> > > > > > > > > at an elementary school in Naples. (*BBC*, 8 Nov 1997) > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 4:19 AM, Gabriella Rantau > >> > > > > > > > > <gkrantau@ > >> > > > >wrote: > >> > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > ** > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Si imam dungu itu berkata: "The important thing is that > >> > > > > > > > > > the > >> > > > girl is > >> > > > > > > > ready > >> > > > > > > > > > and can tolerate marriage!" > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Sedang dia dan semua Muslim tahu bhw perempuan apalagi yg > >> > > > masih di > >> > > > > > > > bawah > >> > > > > > > > > > umur tidak mungkin berani menyangkal, menolak kehendak > >> > orang > >> > > > > > tuanya. > >> > > > > > > > Jadi > >> > > > > > > > > > spt halnya Aisha dia mau tidak mau ketika baru umur 9 > >> > > > > > > > > > tahun > >> > > > > > ditiduri > >> > > > > > > > oleh > >> > > > > > > > > > orang yg sudah 50 tahun. [Dan mnrt hadist sebelum > >> > consumating > >> > > > the > >> > > > > > > > marriage, > >> > > > > > > > > > sang calon suami sering ngejepitin torpedonya di antara > >> > paha si > >> > > > > > anak > >> > > > > > > > imut2 > >> > > > > > > > > > tsb.] > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Ini jelas praktik yg tidak bisa diterima civilized > >> > > > > > > > > > society > >> > di > >> > > > abad > >> > > > > > > > ke-21 > >> > > > > > > > > > ini. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Gabriella > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > ________________________________ > >> > > > > > > > > > From: Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@> > >> > > > > > > > > > To: [email protected] > >> > > > > > > > > > Sent: Monday, 19 November 2012 9:12 PM > >> > > > > > > > > > Subject: [proletar] IPS:Radical Clerics Seek to Legalise > >> > Child > >> > > > > > Brides > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Islam itu, dan bukan hanya Salafi, sungguh nista dan > >> > > > menjijikkan... > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Radical Clerics Seek to Legalise Child Brides > >> > > > > > > > > > By Cam McGrath > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > CAIRO, Nov 14 2012 (IPS) - An ultraconservative Salafi > >> > cleric > >> > > > > > recently > >> > > > > > > > > > sparked outrage among Egypt's liberal circles when he > >> > > > attempted to > >> > > > > > > > justify > >> > > > > > > > > > his opposition to a proposed constitutional article that > >> > would > >> > > > > > outlaw > >> > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > > trafficking of women for sex. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Speaking on privately-owned Al-Nas satellite channel, > >> > Sheikh > >> > > > > > Mohamed > >> > > > > > > > Saad > >> > > > > > > > > > El-Azhary said he feared the proposed article could > >> > conflict > >> > > > with > >> > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > local > >> > > > > > > > > > practice of child marriage. He explained that in Egypt, > >> > > > > > particularly in > >> > > > > > > > > > rural areas, there is a culture of marrying off girls as > >> > soon > >> > > > as > >> > > > > > they > >> > > > > > > > hit > >> > > > > > > > > > puberty. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > "The important thing is that the girl is ready and can > >> > tolerate > >> > > > > > > > marriage," > >> > > > > > > > > > El-Azhary declared. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > He went on to protest proposed laws protecting women from > >> > > > violence, > >> > > > > > > > > > warning that if allowed to pass husbands could be > >> > prosecuted > >> > > > for > >> > > > > > > > beating > >> > > > > > > > > > their child brides or forcing themselves upon them. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > "If you have intercourse with your wife against her will, > >> > she > >> > > > will > >> > > > > > be > >> > > > > > > > able > >> > > > > > > > > > to file a complaint against you," he said. "That's where > >> > > > things are > >> > > > > > > > headed." > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Followers of the Salafi trend believe in a literal > >> > > > > > > > > > reading > >> > of > >> > > > the > >> > > > > > Quran > >> > > > > > > > > > and hadith (traditions of Prophet Muhammad) and aspire to > >> > > > emulate > >> > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > > lifestyle of the Prophet and his companions. Their > >> > puritanical > >> > > > > > > > approach to > >> > > > > > > > > > Islam has put them at odds with secular Muslims and > >> > minority > >> > > > > > groups, > >> > > > > > > > who > >> > > > > > > > > > denounce their intolerant worldview. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > For Salafis, the fundamental justification for child > >> > marriage > >> > > > is > >> > > > > > > > passages > >> > > > > > > > > > in the hadith that state Prophet Muhammad married his > >> > > > > > > > > > third > >> > > > wife > >> > > > > > when > >> > > > > > > > she > >> > > > > > > > > > was six years old, and consummated the marriage after her > >> > first > >> > > > > > menses > >> > > > > > > > at > >> > > > > > > > > > nine. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Sheikh Yasser Borhamy, spokesman for the Salafi Dawah, > >> > > > outlined his > >> > > > > > > > > > interpretation of the Quranic texts during an interview > >> > with TV > >> > > > > > > > presenter > >> > > > > > > > > > Wael El-Ebrashy. He argued that Egypt's marriage laws > >> > > > contradict > >> > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > > provisions of Sharia (Islamic law), as girls should be > >> > married > >> > > > off > >> > > > > > once > >> > > > > > > > > > they reach puberty, or before "if she can". > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > "If Islam allowed it during the Prophet's time, it will > >> > > > > > > > > > be > >> > > > > > permissible > >> > > > > > > > > > until the End of Days," Borhamy asserted. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > While Salafis represent just a small but vocal minority > >> > > > > > > > > > of > >> > > > > > Egyptians, > >> > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > > recent election of an Islamist parliament and president > >> > > > > > > > > > has > >> > > > > > extended > >> > > > > > > > their > >> > > > > > > > > > political clout. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > But what deeply concerns child rights advocates is that > >> > > > El-Azhary > >> > > > > > and > >> > > > > > > > > > Borhamy are members of the committee tasked with drafting > >> > > > Egypt's > >> > > > > > new > >> > > > > > > > > > constitution. And they are not alone. Other members of > >> > > > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > Islamist-stacked > >> > > > > > > > > > panel are known to share their views on child marriage > >> > > > > > > > > > and > >> > may > >> > > > be > >> > > > > > > > > > attempting to enshrine them in the constitution. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > "We fought for years to raise the minimum age of marriage > >> > for > >> > > > girls > >> > > > > > > > (from > >> > > > > > > > > > 16) to 18, and now the Islamists want to lower it," says > >> > > > women's > >> > > > > > rights > >> > > > > > > > > > activist Azza Kamel. "There are Salafis arguing it should > >> > be as > >> > > > > > low as > >> > > > > > > > > > nine." > >> > > > > > > > > > Some battles may have already been lost. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > When a copy of the constitution's first draft circulated > >> > last > >> > > > > > month, > >> > > > > > > > > > rights advocates were shocked to find that a proposed > >> > clause > >> > > > > > banning > >> > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > > trafficking of women had been omitted. Salafi members of > >> > the > >> > > > > > drafting > >> > > > > > > > > > committee had argued to have it removed on the grounds > >> > > > > > > > > > that > >> > > > human > >> > > > > > > > > > trafficking "does not exist in Egypt" and its mere > >> > > > > > > > > > mention > >> > > > > > "tarnishes > >> > > > > > > > > > Egypt's image." > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > International agencies strongly disagree. According to a > >> > 2010 > >> > > > > > report by > >> > > > > > > > > > the U.S. State Department, human trafficking exists at > >> > > > > > > > > > many > >> > > > levels > >> > > > > > in > >> > > > > > > > > > Egypt. The country is a transit point and destination for > >> > > > > > trafficked > >> > > > > > > > > > African and Asian women and children, who are subjected > >> > > > > > > > > > to > >> > > > forced > >> > > > > > > > labour > >> > > > > > > > > > and prostitution. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > It is also a source of trafficked women, including young > >> > girls > >> > > > > > > > exploited > >> > > > > > > > > > under the guise of marriage. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Local NGO Memphis Foundation for Development says the > >> > > > phenomenon of > >> > > > > > > > child > >> > > > > > > > > > marriage is widespread in Egypt, particularly in rural > >> > areas > >> > > > where > >> > > > > > > > parents > >> > > > > > > > > > often marry off their daughters early to escape grinding > >> > > > poverty. > >> > > > > > > > Research > >> > > > > > > > > > conducted in 2008 found that nearly a quarter of all > >> > marriages > >> > > > > > involved > >> > > > > > > > > > girls under 16. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Afaf Marei, director of the Egyptian Association for > >> > Community > >> > > > > > > > > > Participation Enhancement (EACPE), says many of these > >> > underage > >> > > > > > girls > >> > > > > > > > are > >> > > > > > > > > > sold by their parents to wealthy Gulf Arabs who come to > >> > Egypt > >> > > > in > >> > > > > > > > search of > >> > > > > > > > > > "summer brides". > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > The marriages are arranged by lawyers who act as brokers, > >> > and > >> > > > may > >> > > > > > last > >> > > > > > > > > > from hours to months according to the "dowry" paid to the > >> > > > parents. > >> > > > > > > > Often > >> > > > > > > > > > the transaction is made without the girl's knowledge or > >> > > > consent. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > "These marriages are a form of trafficking women (under > >> > > > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > pretence > >> > > > > > > > of) > >> > > > > > > > > > Islamic law," says Marei. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > The Muslim Brotherhood, the conservative Islamic group > >> > > > > > > > > > that > >> > > > > > dominated > >> > > > > > > > this > >> > > > > > > > > > year's parliamentary and presidential polls, has kept a > >> > > > > > > > > > low > >> > > > > > profile in > >> > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > > discourse on child marriage. While some reformists in the > >> > group > >> > > > > > reject > >> > > > > > > > the > >> > > > > > > > > > practice, its hardline leaders were the principal > >> > opponents of > >> > > > the > >> > > > > > > > 2008 law > >> > > > > > > > > > that raised the minimum marriage age of girls to 18. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > Now, as pressure mounts on the constitutional drafting > >> > body to > >> > > > > > have the > >> > > > > > > > > > document ready by a Dec. 12 deadline, the Brotherhood's > >> > weight > >> > > > > > could > >> > > > > > > > prove > >> > > > > > > > > > decisive both on the panel and at the polls. If the > >> > > > constitution > >> > > > > > goes > >> > > > > > > > to a > >> > > > > > > > > > referendum without a clause explicitly banning the > >> > trafficking > >> > > > of > >> > > > > > > > women, it > >> > > > > > > > > > is likely to pass given the Brotherhood's ability to > >> > > > > > > > > > rally > >> > > > public > >> > > > > > > > support, > >> > > > > > > > > > say liberal activists. > >> > > > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > "We're fighting to win, but rationally I don't think we > >> > can," > >> > > > > > concedes > >> > > > > > > > > > Amal Abdel Hadi, head of the New Women Foundation. "This > >> > > > > > > > > > is > >> > > > just > >> > > > > > one > >> > > > > > > > battle > >> > > > > > > > > > and we're fighting the Islamists on even greater issues > >> > such > >> > > > as (to > >> > > > > > > > > > guarantee) the equality of citizenship." 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