Taoism 101.58: Tao Te Ching chapter 58 - Tao of Thoreau

METAPHYSICSNOVEMBER 23, 2012BY: GLENN BORKEN

Chapter Fifty-Eight of the Tao Te Ching continues the discussion of Government 
begun in Chapter Fifty-Seven.

Government through Tao

58.1 When the government is unobtrusive, the people are sincere and honest. 
When the government is invasive and scrutinizing, the disappointed People will 
resort to treachery.

58.2 Good luck has its roots in bad luck, and bad luck lurks beneath good luck.

58.3 Who knows when the limit will be reached? What is normal becomes abnormal, 
and what is auspicious becomes ominous. Good things seem to change into bad, 
and bad things often turn out for good. Who knows why this happens, or when 
this cycle will end? This has perplexed people for a long time. Is anything as 
it appears to be?

58.4 Therefore the Sage’s honesty is as pointed as a square, but not piercing. 
The Sage’s integrity is as sharp as a knife but not cutting. The Sage is 
straight and direct, but not tactless. The Sage is enlightened, but does not 
dazzle others with brightness.

Line one is a restatement of the first two lines of Chapter Fifty-Seven. Lao 
Tze is clearly protesting against the State, and suggesting that, if the 
Emperor and his Regime do not change their ways, there will be a rebellion. The 
corrupt Zhou Dynasty, however, lasted another couple of centuries. Henry David 
Thoreau seems to be referring to this line in Civil Disobedience.

I heartily accept the motto, "That government is best which governs least"; and 
I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried 
out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe--"That government is best 
which governs not at all"; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the 
kind of government which the will have. Government is at best but an expedient; 
but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, 
inexpedient. 

The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are 
many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a 
standing government.

Lines two and three describe the political turmoil of the period in which Lao 
Tze lived and died.

Line four could be talking about the Sage, or the Sage-Ruler, or both. Lao Tze 
is not explicit here. Remember that he often speaks of Ideals. Line four is 
also a good guide for those interested in public speaking or teaching. It would 
also be a great Affirmation to say to oneself before engaging in these 
activities

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