***"These events and these actions did not come out of mosques," ***Apa yang terjadi di Poso dan Maluku, sama sekali bukan bentrokan agama. Absennya strong leadership di Indonesia, memberi kesempatan Laskar Jihad dan Laskar Kristus mencoba berkuasa. Kembalinya dwifungsi TNI = achirnya gonjang ganjing di Poso dan Ambon...
A revolt of youth without religious motivation By Martin Arnold and Roula Khalaf Published: November 9 2005 02:00 | Last updated: November 9 2005 02:00 Despite attempts by some French government officials to play up the Muslim background of many of the youth rioting during the past two weeks, community leaders and analysts say the troubles should not be confused with a crisis of religious identity. "These events and these actions did not come out of mosques," says Lhaj Thami Breze, chairman of the Union of French Islamic Organisations, a group that has links with the Muslim Brotherhood, the international Islamist movement. Even in the North African press the unrest is being treated as a purely French problem, the result of social and economic exclusion. "This is an ethnic and social problem, not a religious one," says Abderrahmane Bouhout, director of the Clichy-sous-Bois mosque, which became a cause célèbre for the rioters after a police tear gas grenade exploded near its entrance during prayers. Many of the worshippers at Mr Bouhout's mosque volunteered to act as mediators. Thanks to their efforts, the rioting that continues elsewhere in France, ended in Clichy-sous-Bois a week ago. "The people who saw their mothers crying because of the tear gas and running home without their headscarves or shoes were the same ones who went out into the rioting to call for calm," says Mr Bouhout. "We must not confuse the riots with Islam." For many immigrant community leaders, the rioting in France is an expression of Europe's failed promise for tens of thousands of immigrants and for those across the Mediterranean still looking to the continent for a better future. That immigrant communities in France survive in conditions depressingly similar to those their parents left behind in Arab and African countries comes as a shock to many within the Fifth Republic and without. That they are effectively forced to integrate with France's strict secular society yet victimised by social and economic discrimination deepens the disenchantment. Linking the unrest to a potentially intensifying terrorist threat, as some officials have sought to do in recent days, thus appears to be an exaggeration. Nicolas Sarkozy, interior minister, has said the vacuum of power created by the rioting in the poor suburbs could be exploited by radical Islamist groups. Extremist networks in Europe do try to recruit in socially deprived immigrant communities, according to Oliver Roy, a French expert on Islamist groups. A radicalisation of the youth movement could eventually give it a more religious flavour. "But this isn't the Palestinian intifada, there's no Middle Eastern connotation to the riots. The rioters aren't defining an identity, except that of their neighborhoods," he says. "It's a revolt of youth, of young men, an anti-police and anti-society movement, in a very French tradition of anarchism," argues Olivier Roy, French expert on Islamist groups. "It's an expression of a youth sub-culture, not tied to Islam. And not all the rioters are Muslims." Still, with violence spreading and passions inflamed by Mr Sarkozy's denunciation of the rioters as "scum," Muslim leaders have emerged as a calming influence. On Sunday, the UFIO issued a fatwa, or religious edict, forbidding "any Muslim seeking divine grace and satisfaction to participate in any action that blindly hits private or public property or could constitute an attack on someone's life." According to Mr Breze, the UFIO chairman, the fatwa was a preventive measure, designed to warn people who have not yet taken part in the riots against joining in. The UFIO has been dispatching people at night to troubled areas. "We're not able to reach those who are setting the fires but we're trying to prevent others from taking part," said Mr Breze. But the UFIO's intervention has also provoked criticism for having introduced a religious element to the debate. Some Muslim representatives also have warned that the mobilisation launched by the UFIOcould have dangerous ramifications, expanding the appeal of a controversial religious organisation. "Many Muslims are surprised and regret that ...some Muslim organisations such as the UFIO think they can invoke God's name in a call for calm," said Dalil Boubakeur, rector of the Grand Mosque of Paris and head of the Muslim Council, which is close to the government. Muslim leaders appear to have been caught up in the broader political feud between Dominique De Villepin, the prime minister, and Mr Sarkozy, amid a growing rivalry between the two men to replace Jacques Chirac as president in 2007. "Boubakeur is not playing his role. He's siding with de Villepin against Sarkozy," said Mr Breze. The UFIO, on the other hand, is more supportive of the interior minister, praising him for a supportive attitude towards Muslim communities, including backing for positive discrimination. Mr Breze even defends Mr Sarkozy's controversial description of the rioters, saying they can indeed be described as "scum". http://news.ft.com/cms/s/fd1c696c-50c5-11da-bbd7-0000779e2340.html ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Get fast access to your favorite Yahoo! Groups. 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