tumben si uplik ngga ngebantah bahayanya alkohol. pasti posting artikel dari guardian ini abis nenggak alkohol ya? --- In [email protected], "Bukan Pedanda" wrote: > > > Ini berita di Guardian.. > > http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/nov/01/alcohol-more-harmful-than-heroin-crack > > > > News > Society > Alcohol > > Alcohol 'more harmful than heroin or crack' > > Sacked government drugs adviser David Nutt publishes investigation in Lancet > reopening debate on classification > > Alcohol is the most dangerous drug in the UK by a considerable margin, > beating heroin and crack cocaine into second and third place, according to an > authoritative study published today which will reopen calls for the drugs > classification system to be scrapped and a concerted campaign launched > against drink. > > Led by the sacked government drugs adviser David Nutt with colleagues from > the breakaway Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, the study says that > if drugs were classified on the basis of the harm they do, alcohol would be > class A, alongside heroin and crack cocaine. > > Today's paper, published by the respected Lancet medical journal, will be > seen as a challenge to the government to take on the fraught issue of the > relative harms of legal and illegal drugs, which proved politically damaging > to Labour. > > Nutt was sacked last year by the home secretary at the time, Alan Johnson, > for challenging ministers' refusal to take the advice of the official > Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, which he chaired. The committee > wanted cannabis to remain a class C drug and for ecstasy to be downgraded > from class A, arguing that these were less harmful than other drugs. Nutt > claimed scientific evidence was overruled for political reasons. > > The new paper updates a study carried out by Nutt and others in 2007, which > was also published by the Lancet and triggered debate for suggesting that > legally available alcohol and tobacco were more dangerous than cannabis and > LSD. > > Alcohol, in that paper, ranked fifth most dangerous overall. The 2007 paper > also called for an overhaul of the drug classification system, but critics > disputed the criteria used to rank the drugs and the absence of differential > weighting. > > Today's study offers a more complex analysis that seeks to address the 2007 > criticisms. It examines nine categories of harm that drugs can do to the > individual "from death to damage to mental functioning and loss of > relationships" and seven types of harm to others. The maximum possible harm > score was 100 and the minimum zero. > > Overall, alcohol scored 72 against 55 for heroin and 54 for crack. The most > dangerous drugs to their individual users were ranked as heroin, crack and > then crystal meth. The most harmful to others were alcohol, heroin and crack > in that order. > > Nutt told the Guardian the drug classification system needed radical change. > "The Misuse of Drugs Act is past its sell-by date and needs to be redone," he > said. "We need to rethink how we deal with drugs in the light of these new > findings." > > For overall harm, the other drugs examined ranked as follows: crystal meth > (33), cocaine (27), tobacco (26), amphetamine/speed (23), cannabis (20), GHB > (18), benzodiazepines (15), ketamine (15), methadone (13), butane (10), qat > (9), ecstasy (9), anabolic steroids (9), LSD (7), buprenorphine (6) and magic > mushrooms (5). > > The authors write: "Our findings lend support to previous work in the UK and > the Netherlands, confirming that the present drug classification systems have > little relation to the evidence of harm. They also accord with the > conclusions of previous expert reports that aggressively targeting alcohol > harm is a valid and necessary public health strategy." > > Nutt told the Lancet a new classification system "would depend on what set of > harms 'to self or others' you are trying to reduce". He added: "But if you > take overall harm, then alcohol, heroin and crack are clearly more harmful > than all others, so perhaps drugs with a score of 40 or more could be class > A; 39 to 20 class B; 19-10 class C and 10 or under class D." This would > result in tobacco being labelled a class B drug alongside cocaine. Cannabis > would also just make class B, rather than class C. Ecstasy and LSD would end > up in the lowest drug category, D. > > He was not suggesting classification was unnecessary: "We do need a > classification system we do need to regulate the ones that are very harmful > to individuals like heroin and crack cocaine." But he thought the UK could > learn from the Portuguese and Dutch: "They have innovative policies which > could reduce criminalisation." Representatives of both countries will be at a > summit in London today, called drug science and drug policy: building a > consensus, where the study will be presented. > > UK reformers will be hoping the coalition government will take a more > evidence-based approach to classification and tackling drugs than Labour did. > The Liberal Democrats supported Nutt over his sacking, while Conservative > leader David Cameron, who got into trouble at Eton, aged 15, for smoking > cannabis, acknowledged the Misuse of Drugs Act was not working during his > time as an MP on the Home Affairs select committee. > > Nutt called for far more effort to be put into reducing harm caused by > alcohol, pointing out that its economic costs, as well as the costs to > society of addiction and broken families, are very high. Taxation on alcohol > is "completely inappropriate", he said with strong cider, for instance, > taxed at a fifth of the rate of wine and action should particularly target > the low cost and promotion of alcohol such as Bacardi breezers to young > people. > > Don Shenker, the chief executive of Alcohol Concern, said : "What this study > and new classification shows is that successive governments have mistakenly > focused attention on illicit drugs, whereas the pervading harms from alcohol > should have given a far higher priority. Drug misusers are still ten times > more likely to receive support for their addiction than alcohol misusers, > costing the taxpayer billions in repeat hospital admissions and alcohol > related crime. Alcohol misuse has been exacerbated in recent years as > government failed to accept the link between cheap prices, higher consumption > and resultant harms to individuals and society." > > "[The] government should now urgently ensure alcohol is made less affordable > and invest in prevention and treatment services to deal with the rise in > alcohol dependency that has occurred." > > The Home Office said last night: "We have not read the report. This > government has just completed an alcohol consultation and will publish a > drugs strategy in the coming months." > > A Department of Health spokesperson said: "In England, most people drink once > a week or less. If you're a women and stick to two to three units a day or a > man and drink up to three or four units, you are unlikely to damage your > health. The government is determined to prevent alcohol abuse without > disadvantaging those who drink sensibly."Two experts from the Amsterdam > National Institute for Public Health and the Environment and the Amsterdam > Institute for Addiction Research point out in a Lancet commentary the study > does not look at multiple drug use, which can make some drugs much more > dangerous such as cocaine or cannabis together with alcohol but they > acknowledge the topic was outside its scope. > > They add that because the pattern of recreational drug use changes, the study > should be repeated every five or 10 years. > > > > --- In [email protected], Ballast Yo wrote: > > > > juspig tolol itu selain krn sakit jiwa juga krn pengaruh nenggak alkohol. > > dia sudah tidak bisa lagi paham hasil penelitian. > > menyedihkan memang. > > bisa utk cerita penghibur pemulung bantar gebang bhw ada orang yg lebih > > menyedihkan di alam raya ini. > > > > bahkan saking tololnya, juspig mengatakan tanpa argumen bhw > > gereja yg menolak homoseksual itu berotak babi..!! > > > > kini bersusah payah dlm kekalutannya, > > dlm ketololannya, > > dlm kedunguannya yg luarbiasa, > > utk melimpahkan kesalahan pd orang lain. > > sungguh binatang paling tolol yg pernah ada di dunia akherat.... > > > > bahkan rela menjilat pembunuh yg membantai bangsa indonesia di rawagedhe, > > > > > > == > > penelitian lama: > > > > Alcohol More Harmful Than Heroin: Study > > > > Alcohol is a more dangerous and lethal drug than heroin or crack cocaine, a > > damning British study has found, urging governments to readjust their > > priorities in the fight against narcotics. > > > > "Overall, alcohol is the most harmful drug because it's so widely used,â > > Professor David Nutt, the British government's former chief drug adviser, > > told the BBC on Monday, November 1. > > > > Scientists from Britainâs Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs > > conducted the study which ranks 20 drugs on 16 measures of harm to users > > and to the wider society. > > > > They scored each drug for harms including mental and physical damage, > > addiction, crime and costs to the economy and communities. > > > > The findings, published in the prominent medical journal The Lancet, > > affirmed that alcohol is even more harmful than other more addictive drugs > > like heroin, which ranked second. > > > > Alcohol came on the top of dangerous drugs overall and almost three times > > as harmful as cocaine or tobacco when the combined harms to the user and to > > others are assessed. > > > > Overall, alcohol scored 72 â" against 55 for heroin and 54 for crack on > > scientistsâ scale. > > > > "Because alcohol is so widely used there are hundreds of thousands of > > people who crave alcohol every day, and those people will go to > > extraordinary lengths to get it," Nutt asserted. > > > > Islam takes an uncompromising stand in prohibiting intoxicants. > > > > The general rule in Islam is that any beverage that get people intoxicated > > when taken is unlawful, both in small and large quantities, whether it is > > alcohol, drugs, fermented raisin drink or something else. > > > > Target Alcohol > > > > Scientists affirmed that the findings affirm the necessity of âtargeting > > alcohol harmsâ. > > > > "We need to rethink how we deal with drugs in the light of these new > > findings," Nutt told The Guardian. > > > > The study urged the governments to address the drug classification systems > > and to pay more attention to the plight of alcohol. > > > > ==dipotong aja ah== > > > ------------------------------------ Post message: [email protected] Subscribe : [email protected] Unsubscribe : [email protected] List owner : [email protected] Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! 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