Taliban yang dalam segala kehidupannya berpegang teguh pada quran... yaa.. cerminan islam sesuai quran... biadab memang dan terus berlangsung sampai saat ini...
On Thu, Mar 28, 2013 at 12:13 AM, Bukan Pedanda <[email protected]>wrote: > ** > > > > Taliban itu sungguh biabab. > > Taliban itu sungguh mengerikan. > > -- > > Child suicide bombers find safe haven > > By John Horgan , Special for CNN > > March 27, 2013 -- Updated 1608 GMT (0008 HKT) > > CNN.com > Mia Bloom and John Horgan at Sabaoon which helps children taken in by the > Pakistan Taliban to become suicide bombers. > Mia Bloom and John Horgan at Sabaoon which helps children taken in by the > Pakistan Taliban to become suicide bombers. > > Editor's note: Dr. John Horgan is a psychologist at Penn State where he is > director of the International Center for the Study of Terrorism. His latest > book is 'Divided We Stand: The Strategy and Psychology of Ireland's > Dissident Terrorists' by Oxford University Press. > > Swat, Pakistan (CNN) -- Just over one week ago, Pakistani authorities > paraded 11 children accused of terrorism in front of the local media. The > boys, aged 10 to 16, were apprehended while attempting to plant home-made > explosives on behalf of local militant groups operating in and around the > city of Quetta, in Balochistan. > > The boys' arrest highlights Pakistan's worsening civil strife and > underscores how Pakistani terrorist groups continue to exploit children. > > This is not a recent phenomenon. In fact, terrorist groups in Afghanistan > and Pakistan are increasingly turning to children as operatives. > > A few weeks ago, my colleague Mia Bloom and I traveled to Pakistan's Swat > Valley to see firsthand how the Pakistani government is working to solve > this problem. > > Swat District includes the city of Mingora, part of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa > province which borders Afghanistan. > > This is the region where 14-year old Malala Yousafzai -- an activist for > girls' education -- narrowly survived a Taliban assassination attempt last > year. > Pakistani police: Kids used as bombers > Malala's 'happiest moment' back in school > > Renowned for its picturesque vistas, the Swat region fell victim to a > brutal reign of terror by the Pakistani Taliban, or TTP in 2008. Faced with > an emboldened TTP, Pakistan's national army launched an 18-month > counterinsurgency campaign. Law and order were restored and the Taliban > forced to retreat. > > An emerging success story -- and the reason for our visit to Swat -- is > the establishment of "Sabaoon." From the Urdu meaning "the first ray of > light from the dawn", Sabaoon is Pakistan's rehabilitation facility for > child militants who were formerly recruited by the TTP. > > Some of these children were even prepared to become suicide bombers. > > Sabaoon's team of psychologists, social workers and military advisers > share a principal objective -- to prevent recidivism and ensure that its > 'graduates' don't return to the fight. > > Sabaoon joins a growing list of similar initiatives that have cropped up > around the globe since the mid-2000s. Perhaps the best-known terrorist > rehabilitation program is in Saudi Arabia. > > Read how a cagefighter in England de-radicalizes convicted terrorists > > Collectively characterized as "de-radicalization" programs, it is more > accurate to call them "risk reduction" initiatives. They represent a change > in the way counterterrorism campaigns are waged, and share the goal of > reducing the risk of re-engagement in terrorism once the program's > graduates are allowed to return to their communities. > > So far, Sabaoon has had 188 'students' fully participate in its program of > risk assessment and rehabilitation. > > All of the boys were captured by the army or police in raids on Pakistani > Taliban training camps. The boys spend anywhere from six months to two > years at Sabaoon. A few have spent as long as three years in rehabilitation. > > In Pakistan, the TTP showed no hesitation in their use of children for > terrorism. In fact, "recruitment" is hardly the right word. It became clear > from our conversations at Sabaoon that these children had little if any say > in their induction. > > The younger children lacked the capability to refuse the terrorists, > fearing their own safety or reprisals to their families. One mother > explained to me that she had turned to the Taliban when she could no longer > cope with her son's alcohol and drug abuse -- marijuana grows wild > throughout Swat. > > Targeting children at risk like this provided the Taliban with a perfect > opportunity to reach out to parents with an offer to help "save" their > children. The militants promised a future involving discipline, belonging, > purpose, and meaningful work. > > In some cases, families faced a horrible choice -- pay an enormous > financial tax (double the annual wage) or surrender a child to the movement. > > Deception and manipulation have come to define the TTP's child induction > practices such that the prevention of children's involvement in violent > extremism in Pakistan can hardly be characterized as counterinsurgency. > > It is instead a challenge of basic child protection. > > Most of the children recalled overwhelmingly negative experiences at the > training camps. After performing menial tasks, they were locked in a 4x5 > meter room for the rest of the day. Some reported being repeatedly beaten, > and in a few cases, sexually assaulted by senior figures. > > One child with whom we spent some time graduated from such deplorable > conditions only to be 'allowed' to become a martyr, changing his mind > literally at the last second. That boy is now one of Sabaoon's brightest > hopes for successful rehabilitation and reintegration, and a potential role > model for younger children at Sabaoon. But he remains profoundly > traumatized by his experiences. > > Other children actually reported having had positive experiences with the > TTP. Some became involved through family members already in the movement. > For them, adventure, camaraderie, and a sense of purpose proved all too > real. Terrorism was the family business, and even if the children didn't > want to get involved, how could they refuse? > > Nobody knows exactly how old some of the children are. Many don't have > birth certificates and don't know their own age themselves. > > Abdul (not his real name) is now about 17-18 years old. He is very > soft-spoken and painfully shy, but spoke English very well. He has big > brown eyes and a wonderful, broad smile. He was very thin, but so shy he > wouldn't take the food offered to him at lunch. > > We were very sensitive to the trauma he had experienced at the hands of > the terrorists. The staff briefed us about the abuse he endured. In our > limited time with Abdul, we were careful not to ask him anything that might > upset him so we focused only on speaking about his future, and how he has > adapted to life after Sabaoon. > > Abdul is a great success story. One of the first graduates of the program, > he excelled academically at Sabaoon. Shortly after his repatriation to his > home village, he won a scholarship to university. He chose to defer his > admission to take care of his mother and younger brother. > > He occasionally comes back to Sabaoon to visit the staff and also to talk > to the younger students about how the program has changed his life. > > He is one of Sabaoon's role models. > > Although addressing the children's needs and reducing the risk of > re-engagement in terrorism are Sabaoon's most pressing objectives, its > staff are not unaware of the seemingly insurmountable obstacles that face > the children when the leave the program. > > For Sabaoon, so far it appears that recidivism is not the problem, though > with any such program, we may have to wait a bit longer to see if someone > returns to the fight. No terrorism risk-reduction program has a 100% > success rate, or even close to that. When such claims are made, it doesn't > take long to realize that there are significant questions surrounding > definitions and measurement of "success" or "re-engagement." > > Such questions need to be answered if programs like these are to be > supported as creative approaches to counterterrorism. Knowing why they work > is as important as knowing if they work. A few high profile instances of > recidivism may spell the death-knell for such initiatives. > > As academic researchers who study violent extremism, we have a great deal > of hope for such programs, and Sabaoon in particular has been the shining > ray its name implies. Battling immense odds, Sabaoon's staff remain > infectiously optimistic and dedicated, and that's one of the reasons we > will return later this year. > > But time is not on their side. > > A few years ago, research conducted by Dr. Mia Bloom highlighted the > changing nature of women's involvement in terrorism. Today a similar > argument could be made for the involvement of young children. Both in > Pakistan and Afghanistan, the child suicide bomber has come to represent a > routine terrorist profile. > > Children are easier to manipulate, and like female operatives, they can > penetrate security checkpoints without raising the normal levels of > suspicions. A 2012 report from Afghanistan suggested that almost 100 > would-be child suicide bombers had been 'intercepted' in the preceding > 12-month period. Many of those boys were recruited in Quetta. > > What the rising tide of child militants means for the development of > counter-terrorism initiatives, or even child protection, is unclear. > > Sabaoon alone will certainly not solve this problem, but it, and programs > like it must continue to develop if we are to truly prevent the next > generation of militants. > © 2013 Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. 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