Etymology
The word "admiral" in Middle English comes from Anglo-French amiral,
"commander", from Medieval Latin admiralis, admirallus. These themselves come
from Arabic "amir", or amir-al- أمير الـ, "commander of the" (as in
amir-al-baHr أمير البحر "commander of the sea").[1] Crusaders learned the term
during their encounters with the Arabs, perhaps as early as the 11th century.
The Norman Roger II of Sicily (1095–1154), employed a Greek Christian known as
George of Antioch, who previously had served as a naval commander for several
North African Moslem rulers. Roger styled George in Abbasid fashion as "Amir of
Amirs", i.e. "Commander of Commanders", with the title becoming Latinized in
the 13th century as "ammiratus ammiratorum".[2]
The Sicilians and later Genoese took the first two parts of the term and used
them as one word, amiral, from their Aragon opponents. The French and Spanish
gave their sea commanders similar titles while in Portuguese the word changed
to almirante. As the word was used by people speaking Latin or Latin-based
languages it gained the "d" and endured a series of
different endings and spellings leading to the English spelling
"admyrall" in the 14th century and to "admiral" by the 16th century.
________________________________
From: SA <[email protected]>
To: "[email protected]" <[email protected]>
Sent: Sunday, June 30, 2013 3:59 PM
Subject: Bls: [proletar] Re: (unknown)
Untuk membantu orang2 Arab untuk memahami dunia barat,
maka dunia barat memutuskan untuk mengadopsi istilah2 Arab,
Jadi penggunaan istilah2 arab di dalam kamus barat adalah semata-mata tanda
belas kasihan dunia barat
terhadap dunia abar yang zaman itu rata2 bego.
Angka2 1, 2, 3, 4 dst adalah bukan angka Arab,
karena penulisan di dalam bahasa Arab sangat berbeda.
Misalnya angka 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .. Tujuh pun dengan cabang terbalik..
Jadi jangan percaya kalau angka 1-10 diambil dari Arab.
Kalau ada kemiripan, mungkin, tetapi tetap tidak sama.
________________________________
Dari: Tawangalun <[email protected]>
Kepada: [email protected]
Dikirim: Rabu, 26 Juni 2013 3:08
Judul: [proletar] Re: (unknown)
Bu sing jelas istilah dalam Astronomi itu banyak yg diambil dari Arabic:
1.Zenith.
2.Nadir.
3.Azimuth.
4.Angka Nihil.
5.Algorithm.
6.Systim penulisan angka Arab lebih apik dari angka Romawi.Coba tuliskan angka
283746509255 dalam Romawi bisa gak.Nek Arab caranya podo dg yg kita tulis
sehari hari tinggal ngganti masing2 ke Arab.
Jadi jangan menghina wong Arab.
Paulus Anak Wedus.
--- In [email protected], Gabriella Rantau <gkrantau@...> wrote:
>
> Aku pernah ikut Sand dune safari di Qatar. Malam hari langit yg hitam kelam
> ditaburi dengan ribuan bintang2 yg keliatan begitu dekat dari bumi. Aku jadi
> teringat dongeng yg dipercayai sebagian besar umat Islam dan tentunya
> dipercayai oleh Muhammad ibn Abdullah.
>
> Orang2 primitif di abad ke-7 percaya bhw langit yg terendah dihiadi oleh
> binang2. Mereka tentunya tidak mendusin bhw bintang2 itu jutaan kilometer
> dari padang pasir Arabia.
>
> Gabriella
>
>
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@...>
> To: "[email protected]" <[email protected]>
> Sent: Tuesday, 25 June 2013 10:55 PM
> Subject: [proletar] (unknown)
>
>
>
> Â
>
>
> Sekedar mengingatkan betapa jauhnya sudah penelitian yang sudah dilakukan
> oleh para ahli ilmu falak bulan Juni tahun 2013 ini..
>
> Dan satu setengah milyar manusia dungu-dungu kayak babi yang memaluk agama
> najis Islam dumuka bumi ini masih percaya bualan orang Arab primitif yang
> mengatakan alam ini terdiri dari matahari, bulan, bumi yang tujuh lapis,
> langit yang tujuh laps dan yang lapisan terendahnya dihiasi bintang-bintang...
>
> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23032467
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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