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Anti-cancer hope for 'assassin' drug
Pia Akerman and Adam Cresswell
04jul06
THE first of a new class of smart drugs that could one day lead to
treatments for heart disease, skin cancer and blindness is under
development by Australian scientists.
The drug, Dz13, has shown encouraging results in animal studies and
could lead to better treatments that avoid the unpleasant side
effects of existing therapies such as chemotherapy.
Announcing the research in Sydney yesterday, lead scientist Levon
Khachigian said the "molecular assassin" drug targeted a specific
gene called c-Jun,which controls disease-causing proteins.
The gene is essential for human growth, but has been linked to
serious health problems when activated during adulthood.
Professor Khachigian said that targeting this "godfather" gene could
potentially aid in the treatment of solid tumours and certain skin
cancers, specifically basal cell carcinoma, one of the most
frequently occurring in Australia.
Laboratory trials on animals showed the drug to be highly effective
in restricting the growth of skin cancers and tumours by choking off
the blood supply to the cancerous cells.
Hindering blood supply also helps prevent age-related macular
degeneration, the leading cause of blindness and severe vision
impairment in Australia.
No major side effects were recorded.
Bernard Stewart, head of the cancer control program of theSouth
Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Health Service, said thedrug "represents
the new generation of specific gene-targeting therapy in cancer and
other diseases".
"The biological models that Professor Khachigian has described are in
fact the key stage that indicate that we have gone from something on
paper that might work to something in biology that does work,"
Professor Stewart said.
The University of NSW study, published in the latest edition of the
journal Nature Biotechnology, has shown that use of gene-targeting
therapies could also have significant benefits for cardiac patients.
When targeting a different gene, the new drug has been shown to
reduce the severity of a heart attack by up to 50 per cent by
limiting the damage caused to the heart muscle.
Cardiologist Ravinay Bhindi said the findings were "exciting and are
being explored in further studies, and they also highlight another
potential area that these smart drugs can be used in the future".
Professor Khachigian said it was too early to tell whether the new
gene-targeting drugs would be used alone or with other drugs. He
estimated they would not be available to the general public for
several years.
A human trial is scheduled for early next year.
People suffering certain types of skin cancers and blindness due to
age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy are likely
to be among the first users of the drug.
Professor Stewart said the drug could help the hundreds of thousands
of Australians affected by non-melanoma skin cancers who usually have
to resort to surgery
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