FYI. +++ ----- Original Message ----- From: "Upu" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > Sahabat milis, > Tulisan Bung Suryana, tanggapan sahabat milis dan yang terakhir saya baca > adalah tanggapan Bung Qosim(Benarkah raja2 Jawa dan 9 wali sanga adalah > orang2 berasal dari Tiongkok), menyebabkan saya merasa tergelitik untuk > menulis "secuil" sejarah terlupakan yang memperkaya dan kalau mungkin > memberikan kita kelapangan hati untuk menerima keberadaan, perbedaan yang > ada dalam masyarakat Indonesia yang sangat pluralistis. Yang kita inginkan > tentunya, menemukan "kesamaan" dalam hidup bermasyarakat secara damai dan > dewasa. > > Nusantara pernah menjadi "melting pot" dan "melting point" berbagai bangsa > yang mengunjungi Nusantara untuk berdagang, berperang,menyebarkan agama, > memperluas teritorial dan jajahan dan banyak lagi kepentingan kepentingan > lainnya.Termasuk melarikan dari dari kekejaman penguasa di daerahnya > sendiri > maupun para avonturir. > > Ratusan, mungkin ribuan tahun proses ini terjadi, catatan sejarah yang > kita > miliki, hanya secara sporadis menggaris bawahi proses asimilasi bangsa > bangsa tsb kedalam bangsa "lokal" yang sudah ada di Nusantara sebelumnya > Pengaruh Bangsa Cina yang posisinya secara geografis "cukup dekat" dengan > kepulauan Nusantara, tak pelak mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup besar , > bangsa > bangsa yang "jauh" semisal Arab dll, datang belakangan, karena tidak > mudah > mengarungi samudra yang luas dengan menggunakan tekhnologi pelayaran > yang > dimiliki saat itu, berbeda dengan bangsa bangsa di Asia , jalan darat-pun > dimungkinkan, walau waktu tempuhnya > cukup lama. > > Pada masa penjajahan VOC, perusahan ini (harus digaris bawahi, Kerajaan > Belanda baru menjajah Indonesia setelah bangkrutnya PT VOC,dalam bahasa > sekarang "BUMN-nya Kerajaan Belanda) adalah yang paling giat > men-asimilasikan (secara sadar maupun tidak), bangsa lain dengan penduduk > yang sudah ada sebelumnya .Antara lain tentunya pembauran antara orang > Belanda dengan perempuan lokal.Jumlah perempuan Belanda waktu itu sangat > sedikit, maka pilihan terpaksa dilakukan pada perempuan lokal. > Hasilnya , banyak muka "indo" yang kita temui didarah dekat perkebunan, > dari > Jawa sampai ke Sumatra ,,termasuk Aceh. > > Yang tidak pernah dibicarakan adalah turunan Belanda Hitam, atau Zwarte > Hollanders. Ada beberapa buku yang ditulis dalam bahasa Belanda mengenai > keberadaan "Bangsa Afrika Hitam" yang nantinya berketurunan dan > berasimilasi > dengan penduduk lokal di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Keturunan mereka > ini > (Africans) dapat kita temui di Belanda maupun di Purworejo.Mengesankan > bukan? > > Campuran Portugis-India -pun masih dapat kita temui di beberapa daerah , > beberapa diantara mereka masih menyandang nama Portugis seperti : De Meza > Da Costa dll. Mereka adalah mantan budak Portugis dari Goa (India) yang > di > beli, dibebaskan oleh VOC dan dijadikan tentara dalam jajaran VOC . Kulit > meraka hitam ke-perak perakan, agak berbeda dengan "Blac Africans". Mereka > terkenal dengan sebutan "De Merdijkers"atau mereka menyebut diri mereka > Mahardika", asal kata "Merdeka" yang kita gunakan sekarang , karena mereka > adalah budak yang dimerdeka-kan. > > VOC juga pernah menggunakan tentara bayaran dari Afrika untuk berperang > melawan Diponegoro, jejak mereka inilah yang sedang ditelusuri disekitar > Jogya dan Jawa tengah > > Dibawah ini saya lampirkan tulisan seorang sahabat saya Bart Santema, > menulis mengenai pencariannya ke Purworejo dan sekitarnya , untuk menemui > jejak dan keturunan para " Zwarte Hollanders" Belanda Hitam .Mudajh > mudahan > menambah wawasan kita semua . > Bart Santema adalah pemilik dari Cafe BuGils di Jakarta. > > I just decided that I will leave Jakarta for a few days. The reason for > this > sudden escape to Java will surprise you: I want to locate descendants of > VOC > & later KNIL soldiers that were born in Ghana. > > This remarkable urge to jump in my car to go to a small city called > Purweredjo, started two days ago when I stumbled over the existence of a > Java Hill" in a dark corner of Africa. I became intrigued by the origin of > the name, and the awoken awareness that traditional Indonesian batik is > very > popular on the west coast of Africa. This is the story: > Between 1831 and 1872 some 3,000 African recruits sailed from Elmina (now > part of Ghana) to Batavia. They had been recruited to serve in the Dutch > colonial army, which throughout most of the 19th century experienced a > chronic shortage of European manpower. After their contracts expired, some > returned to the Gold Coast where these veterans settled in Elmina on > allocated plots behind St. George's Castle, on a hill still known today as > Java Hill. Others, having established families during their long years of > army service, opted to settle in the East Indies. They became the founding > fathers of the Indo-African communities in the Javanese towns of > Purworedjo, > Semarang, Salatiga and Solo. On Java, the African soldiers and their > descendents became known as 'Belanda Hitam' - Black Dutchmen. An army > career > became a family tradition, for many sons and grandsons of the African > soldiers also served in the Dutch army. After Indonesia's independence, > most > Indo-Africans opted for repatriation to the Netherlands (around 1950 some > 60 > families left Indonesia and went to Holland). > . > Catatan dari UpU: Kooi dalam bahasa Belanda berarti "kandang", dapat kita > bayangkan bahwa nenek moyang Jan Kooi adalah budak belian yang dimasukkan > kedalam "kandang " untuk ditransportasi kenegara tujuan sebagai barang > dagangan . Merupakan hal yang "biasa" bagi VOC memberikan nama marga > seseorang pada zaman itu sesuai "latar belakang " yang bersangkutan ,agar > bisa ditulis dalam registrasi administrasi , diketahui, administrasi VOC > s/d > Hindia Belanda, dilakukan dengan cukup teliti. > > 2e Luitenant Jan Kooi, "Black Dutch" veteran of the Aceh War, originally > from Ashanti Kingdom in West Africa > > The shortage of manpower in the Dutch colonial army became particularly > acute in the wake of the Java war (1825-1830) which took the lives of > 8,000 > European soldiers and many more native soldiers. The Department of > Colonies > turned to the almost forgotten Dutch Possessions on the Guinea Coast, > where > commercial activity was at a low ebb following the abolition of the slave > trade in 1814. These neglected outposts now had the opportunity to make > themselves useful in the eyes of the Dutch government as a supplier of > manpower to the army. Army policy dictated however that roughly half the > troops had to consist of Europeans, who were deemed more reliable and > better > qualified. The African soldiers were counted as part of the European > contingent. The largest Indo-African community lived in the garrison town > of > Purworedjo in central Java, where in 1859 Ki ng William III allocated them > a > plot of land. > After half a day searching for articles on the internet about this > African-Indo history, I remembered I had a dark waitress working for me, > who > often jokingly was referred to as: the 'African waitress of BuGils'. Many > BuGils customers will still remember her. She retired two years ago and is > now living on Bali. I called her to check from what kampung she originated > and guess what? Yes, indeed: Purworedjo. Her hobby? Sunbathing! (not > something Indonesians normally like to do). She was fierce, hard working > and > 'branie'. Her nick name was Singga (lion). Co-incidence? I don't think so. > And while I have problems finding staff in the Big Durian, I considered > the > option to go to Purworedjo and try to trace more girls like Singga. I need > staff and I need them badly. Should I go to Java to find them? > Picture above and left: Singga from Purworedjo when she was still working > in > BuGils. > Just now I went to a very nice Jazz afternoon in the Oriental Bar in the > Mandarin hotel, where the first person I met was a friendly, older > Indonesian woman. I started to chat with her and she told me her > grandmother > was from Dutch origin. It also turned out that her grandfather -and this > gave me cold shiver - had been the last regent of Purworedjo! I couldn't > believe it! In whole my life I had never heard of a city named Purworedjo, > and now, in just one weekend, this city is all over me! Before I could > tell > her about my recent interest in the history of this town with its Black > Belanda's, she insisted I really should visit this town one day. > Family picture of the family Comijs (19th century) I am not superstitious > but for some reason - and I don't know why - I know that I have to go > there. > Tomorrow morning early I am heading for Central Java. Lens, the manager > from > Eastern Promise will join me on this trip. Where to start if you want to > Trace KNIL descendants from Ghana? I do know that the Dutch changed their > African names into Dutch names such as Land , Recht, Klink, Boom, Wit, Hek > and Molemans. I guess I have to start with a look in a telephone book or > so. > While I try to finish story, my father called me, asking why I hadn't > contacted them for so long. 'Just too busy, dad. And now I am going away > for > two or three days. I am chasing Africans in Java'. There was a long > silence > at the other end of line. I suddenly realised the absurdness of my words. > I > could hear the thoughts dazzling in his head: 'More bars!? Looking for > Africans!? A shortage of female staff!?' He paused for a few seconds and > then he just said, in a very calm voice: 'Come home son... Come home....' > The conversation ended. It was the shortest call with my parents ever. > Maybe > he was right. Maybe I should go home again to Friesland, but just for a > few > days. It's his birthday soon and I haven't been celebrating this with the > family for 15 years. It would be a nice surprise... > > Catatatan:Cerita Bart Santema jika diizinkan sahabat milis, akan saya > lanjutkan dlm posting selanjutnya. > > Catatan dari UpU: > Pada permulaan abad ke 18, dua orang "Belanda Hitam" yang dibuang VOC ke > hutan sekitar Dajeuh Kolot "Tatar Ukur" mereka adalah kopral Ronde dan > adiknya kopral Jan Geijsbergen, berhasil selamat dan menemui sebuah > kampung, > mukim dan berasimilasi dengan penduduk lokal, menanam kopi dan nantinya > menjadi komoditi bagi para investor Belanda untuk menanam kopi sebagai > komoditi export yang sangat menguntungkan.Konon pada abad akhir ke 18, > RAPBN Kerajaan Belanda setara dengan setengah dari nilai eksport kopi > dari > Priangan. > > Dua orang serdadu VOC yang dinyatakan sebagai "penjahat" ini, keturunan > para > Mahardika , di Bandung pernah ada kampung bernama "Mardika Lio", > Apa sekarang masih ada....? > Sources: > Ghan's Java connection > The Black Dutchmen: The Story of African Soldiers in The Netherlands East > Indies > A West African Cosmopolis: Elmina (Ghana) in the Nineteenth Century > Molemans, The Black Panther > Koelit hitam, hati pinter (Dutch) > Jan Toorop, a Belanda Hitam and important painter of symbolism in 19th > century >
Post message: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subscribe : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Unsubscribe : [EMAIL PROTECTED] List owner : [EMAIL PROTECTED] Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/ Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
