Ini masih belum confirmed...
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Web address:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/
080729133529.htm
Findings On Bladder-brain Link May Point To Better Treatments For
Problems In Sleep, Attention
ScienceDaily (July 31, 2008) Bladder problems may leave a mark on
the brain, by changing patterns of brain activity, possibly
contributing to disrupted sleep and problems with attention. For one
in six Americans who have overactive bladder, the involuntary bladder
contractions that often trigger more frequent urges to urinate, such
mind-body connections may be of more than academic interest.
"We often tend to focus on just one organ, but here we see how an
abnormal organ affects the whole organism," said behavioral scientist
Rita J. Valentino, Ph.D., of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
who led the research describing how an overactive bladder altered
nervous system activity in animals.
The study appeared in the July 21 online edition of the Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences.
Overactive bladder, while it occurs in a variety of conditions in both
adults and children, is especially prevalent among elderly men, in
whom an enlarged prostate gland partially obstructs the flow of urine
and makes bladder muscles contract involuntarily. Valentino's research
team mimicked the condition in an animal model by surgically
constricting the outlet of urine from rats' bladders.
Building on their previous investigations of the neural circuits
between the bladder and the brain, the researchers found that two
small brain structures, the Barrington's nucleus and the locus
ceruleus, developed abnormal activity as a result of the bladder
obstruction. In particular, the locus ceruleus showed persistently
high activity, and this resulted in an abnormal electroencephalogram
(EEG) recorded from the cortex, the broad mass of the brain that
governs higher-level functions. In people, abnormally high activity in
the cortex may result in disordered sleep, anxiety and difficulty in
concentrating.
Valentino said further studies are necessary to analyze the direct
connections between heightened brain activity and specific behaviors,
but added that the brain circuits involving the locus ceruleus might
be a useful target for drugs to improve attention and sleep patterns
in patients with bladder dysfunctions.
Furthermore, she added, in addition to overactive bladder, other
visceral diseases, such as irritable bowel disorder, may also affect
the same neural circuitry, with similar neurobehavioral consequences.
The National Institutes of Health provided grant support for this
research. Valentino's co-authors, all from The Children's Hospital of
Philadelphia, were Stephen A. Zderic, M.D.; Elizabeth Rickenbacher,
Madelyn A. Baez, Lyman Hale, and Steven C. Leiser.
Adapted from materials provided by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of
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Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (2008, July 31). Findings On
Bladder-brain Link May Point To Better Treatments For Problems In
Sleep, Attention. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 31, 2008, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2008/07/080729133529.htm
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