The history of the relationship dates back ten years prior to the Treaty of Marrakech. At the outbreak of the American Revolution, American ship merchants who had sailed under the British flag lost the protection of British tribute payments to the North African coastal states. While the American peace commissioners in Paris vainly tried to secure French assurances of protection against the Barbary powers, on December 20, 1777 the Sultan, in what amounted to virtual recognition of United States' independence, declared to the European consuls and merchants in the Moroccan ports of Tangier, Sale, Larache and Essaouira, that all American ships were to be given the right to freely enter Moroccan ports to "take refreshments and enjoy in them the same privileges and immunities as those of the other nations with whom his Imperial Majesty is at peace."Shortly after the Sultan opened his ports to American ships, he appointed Stephen D'Audibert Caille, a French merchant in Sale, to act as consul for all countries which had no consular representation in Morocco. In late 1779, Caille, acting on instructions from the Sultan, wrote to the American Congress through the American Commissioner in Paris, Benjamin Franklin. The letter informed Congress of the Sultan's appointment of Caille as Consul and also stated Sultan Sidi Mohamed's desire to conclude a treaty of peace with America. On November 28, 1780 Con- gress directed Franklin to correspond with Caille and assure him that the United States wanted to "cultivate the most perfect friendship" with the Sultan and that the United States would like to negotiate a commercial treaty with Morocco.In May 1784, the American Commissioners in Paris, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, were authorized by Congress to conclude treaties of friendship and commerce with Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. In 1785, Thomas Barclay, the Consul General of the United States in Paris was appointed to travel to Morocco and conduct the negotiations. Mr. Barclay arrived in Marrakech, on June 19, 1786, and had two audiences with the Sultan. Barclay's proposals, based on a text drafted by Jefferson in Paris, formed the basis of the agreement eventually signed. Offering only the friendship of the United States in return for a treaty, Barkley had no difficulties in negotiating and concluding the agreement with Sultan Sidi Mohamed. The major points of the twenty five article agreement provided for the protection of American shipping along the Moroccan coast and for commerce between the two nations on the basis of most favored nation. The treaty, binding for 50 years, was sealed by the Sultan on June 28,1786 and an additional article was added July 6th. Signed and sealed by Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States, Thomas Jefferson in Paris on January 1, 1787, and John Adams in London on January 25th, it was ratified by Congress and entered into force on July 18, 1787. The treaty was significant in that it was the first between the United States and any Arab, Muslim or African country and it demonstrated the commitment of both nations to peace and friendship
--- On Thu, 11/4/10, sunny <[email protected]> wrote: From: sunny <[email protected]> Subject: Re: [proletar] Re: Kutipan bagus.. To: [email protected] Date: Thursday, November 4, 2010, 10:16 AM Apakah Anda tidak mengibul? ----- Original Message ----- From: Scheherazade Scheher To: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, November 04, 2010 4:49 AM Subject: Re: [proletar] Re: Kutipan bagus.. Thomas jefferson ini satu2nya president amerika tempo doelu sekalipun tidak sholat tapi selalu ngaji koran tiap2hari dan puasa pada bulan romadhan --- On Thu, 11/4/10, wawan <[email protected]> wrote: From: wawan <[email protected]> Subject: [proletar] Re: Kutipan bagus.. To: [email protected] Date: Thursday, November 4, 2010, 1:05 AM kalau bahasanya Jefferson maka kutipan dibawah boleh disebut sebagai demokrasi kalau bahasanya VI Lenin maka kutipan dibawah boleh disebut sebagai Dialektika --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.al...@...> wrote: > > > Thought Of The Day > > "Error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it." > > -Thomas Jefferson > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] ------------------------------------ Post message: [email protected] Subscribe : [email protected] Unsubscribe : [email protected] List owner : [email protected] Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: [email protected] [email protected] <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [email protected] <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
