http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3252&Itemid=367


China's Ominous South China Sea Claims

Written by Our Correspondent    
Tuesday, 14 June 2011 
The confrontation between China and Vietnam is a confrontation over ownership 
of the whole body of water 

 
Sloppy reporting is giving the impression that the most recent dispute in the 
South China Sea between China and Vietnam has been about the Spratly and 
Paracel islands. Instead, this clash was in fact was an illustration of China's 
claim to the whole South China Sea, reaching close to the territorial waters of 
Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines rather than the islands.


In this case, Chinese ships cut the cables of a Vietnamese sonar exploration 
vessel operating 120 nautical miles off the south-central Vietnam coast 
approximately due east of Nha Trang.  No claim to the area where the Vietnamese 
ship was drilling could be made on the basis of sovereignty of all or any of 
the scattered groups of islets, rocks and reefs known as the Spratlys. Although 
almost none of the islands and rocks is capable of sustaining human habitation 
and the seabed is not part of a continental shelf there is an argument that 
they could support a claim for a 200 mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) if it 
did not conflict with any other 200 mile claim. 


In this case  the nearest of the Spratlys is at least 180 nautical miles from 
where the Vietnamese ship was attacked and clearly much closer to the Vietnam 
coast and on its continental shelf while the Spratlys lie the other side of 
deep water..


Likewise the Vietnamese vessel was well over 200 miles from the closest of the 
Paracel Islands, the group of sandy islands and banks off the northern coast of 
Vietnam which were seized by China in 1974, just before the reunification of 
Vietnam.


The distinction between island claims and sea claims is critical because it 
also involves the US. Washington remains neutral on the validity of the 
competing and overlapping islands claims but it is adamant about freedom of 
passage, including through EEZs. Hence it will in practice always line up 
against China's claims to the whole sea and also to China's narrow 
interpretation of freedom of passage. 


The Chinese action thus should be sending further warnings to Malaysia, the 
Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia about the extent of China's claims over the 
sea and the resources under its seabed. Existing gas fields off Palawan and 
Sarawak are already within areas claimed by China on its maps of the sea.  The 
same applies to the huge gas fields, yet to be developed, close to Indonesia's 
Natuna islands, even though the islands themselves have not (as yet) been 
claimed by China.


The Philippines has begun to react against the latest Chinese harassment of its 
fishermen operating in waters less than 200 miles off the Philippine coast with 
calls for strengthening of its feeble naval forces. It is also insisting that 
the seas generally known in English as the South China Sea should be known at 
least locally as the West Philippine Sea (the sea to the east of the Philippine 
archipelago is known as the Philippine Sea). China simply calls it the South 
Sea, Vietnam the East Sea. It was once known as the Cham sea - after the 
seafaring Malay-speaking Hindi kingdom which earlier flourished in central 
Vietnam.


In the past, perceiving the Philippines to be weak China has often focused its 
attention on this part of its claim. Indeed its 1995 occupation of Mischief 
Reef (Panganiban island, Meiji Jiao) 130 miles off the Palawan coast in 1995, 
allegedly just a shelter for fishermen, was one of China's more provocative 
acts. In 2002 there was an agreement with ASEAN for peaceful resolution of sea 
disputes but this only caused a pause in disputes.


ASEAN's problem however is that some members are reluctant to address the sea 
issue and China itself will only deal with it on a country-to-country basis, 
thus weakening such solidarity as ASEAN members can show. It does not help that 
Malaysia has been so far let alone by China, and Kuala Lumpur is keen not to 
attract Chinese anger by supporting Vietnam and the Philippines openly. To do 
so might cause Beijing to raise the explosive issue of Malay racial 
discrimination against its ethic Chinese citizens.


But Vietnam is clearly made of sterner stuff and with its new cozy relationship 
with Washington (and links with Russia and India) are likely to be more 
effective in dealing with China than waffle from ASEAN's feel-good foreign 
ministries.



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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