re: is it legal for European PBS to to CC? Answer: In general, yes. We have had an assessment made by two german copyright university professors. It's in german, but it's on Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gutachten_Beihilferechtliche_Rahmenbedingungen_der_Einr%C3%A4umung_von_CC-Lizenzen.pdf
you can find a (german) summary here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Handreichung_Gutachten_Beihilfe.pdf english translation, powerded by deepl: (the "3 Step test" is a very german-broadcaster-thing. It just means that they have to ask for permission with their oversight board, which is quite complicated.) Media content that is released to the general public by means of open > content licenses is also crucial for the sharing of knowledge. For public > actors as licensors of such content, however, the question arises here as > to whether the publication of content under free licenses can be a relevant > process under competition law. > As a follow-up to the first roundtable on "Releases of Public Broadcasting > Content for Knowledge Projects" on July 04, 2018, we commissioned an expert > opinion on this question from Prof. Dr. Roland Broemel and Prof. Dr. > Hans-Heinrich Trute. > Prof. Dr. Roland Broemel, Maîtrise en Droit has been Professor of Public > Law, Economic and Monetary Law, Financial Market Regulation and Legal > Theory at Goethe University Frankfurt since July 2018. Prof. Dr. > Hans-Heinrich Trute has been Professor of Public Law, Media and > Telecommunications Law at the University of Hamburg since October 2001. > The expert opinion question was: "Does the release of public broadcasters' > content to the general public, specifically under an everyman license such > as CC BY, which also allows commercial uses, constitute an impermissible > subsidy?" > The key findings are: > In principle, the granting of a CC BY license does not favor any > particular company or industry. > In individual cases, a so-called de facto selectivity may exist. An > indication against this would be the separation of the production decision > from the CC licensing decision. > De facto selectivity would be permissible in the context of a cooperation. > This regularly requires, among other things, a telemedia concept tested in > the so-called 3-step test. > > In detail: > The granting of rights within the framework of CC BY takes place free of > charge, while the uses of protected content according to market conditions > suggest a paid license, at least in a commercial context. The CC BY can > thus be understood as an advantage relevant under state aid law. However, > since the licensing is not for the benefit of a specific company but in > general, the granting of a CC BY license does not favor a specific company > or a specific sector of the economy. In the absence of selectivity, it is > therefore in any case generally permissible to make content available to > the general public for use under a CC BY license. > However, the selectivity of a benefit can arise from the circumstances of > the individual case despite the formally general nature of the benefit > (so-called de facto selectivity). Thus, a targeted production of the > subsequently licensed content with a view to the needs of Wikimedia in the > context of a cooperation will have to be rated as de facto selective aid. > As a result, it can be stated that releases by public broadcasters under a > CC BY license are in principle permissible under state aid law if they lack > selectivity. At the same time, the granting of non-selective licenses to > the general public is compatible with the regulatory objective of the > so-called state aid compromise, which led to changes in the Interstate > Broadcasting Treaty regarding the regulations on telemedia of public > broadcasters. However, they violate the prohibition of state aid if they > have a predictably distorting effect due to de facto selectivity. A > permanent publication of content under a CC BY license may also violate > some broadcasting law provisions currently still in force, in particular > the requirements for so-called telemedia concepts and the time limit still > applicable to publication. Thus, the use of CC licenses in a field in which > corresponding content has previously only been offered under market > licensing conditions can have significant effects, and this should be taken > into account accordingly in the 3-step test. > Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) Am Do., 18. März 2021 um 16:04 Uhr schrieb <[email protected]>: > > > Op 13 mrt. 2021, om 22:56 heeft Ciell Wikipedia <[email protected]> > het volgende geschreven: > > Hi Bernd, > > We have several years of broadcasts of DWDD, of populair daily show on > Dutch national tv (public service) available on Commons - and a lot of > derived stills from all the guests. Until at one point, they stopped using > the free license on YT, so maybe this was per mistake? > https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:De_Wereld_Draait_Door > > > Yes, I had contact with them and it was by accident, but their legal team > was not unwilling. However, the Dutch public broadcasting organisation NPO > doesn’t allow publications under Creative Commons. Reason is that it is > produced with public money and therefore the public broadcasting > organisations viewpoint is that it is unethical to give it away for free... > > Another reason is that they need permission for each work by the Dutch > government to publish it under a free license as it can be seen as a > ‘commercial activity’ (distribution of content that might economical > disturb other video content providers). Public broadcasters in the > Netherlands are not allowed to have commercial activities unless they have > a permission for such exception case by case by the national government. > > Universiteit van Nederland (on YT and now also on Spotify), seems like the > same story: new content is only available for NC-restrictions. > > > https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Videos_from_the_Universiteit_van_Nederland > > they switched from cc-by to youtube license as they said a third party was > misusing their content. > > > The Dutch institute for Sound and Vision > <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Open_Beelden> donated a lot > of old news broadcasts in 2014 already: > https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polygoonjournaal > > They only donated the public domain ones. > > > Hannolans (in cc:) is a frequent importer of Dutch language videos from YT > to Commons: maybe he knows about present day projects. > > > We have Drugslab, published by BNNVARA on youtube that is published under > CC-BY > > > Vriendelijke groet, > Ciell > > > Op vr 12 mrt. 2021 om 17:31 schreef Bernd Fiedler < > [email protected]>: > >> Hello to all of you! >> >> *tl;dr: I'm searching for suggestions / partners in approaching public >> broadcasters. They could provide free content. Let's tell them all about >> it!* >> >> As you know, the international language communities in the Wikimedia >> Projects have adapted and built upon the content provided by the ZDF >> <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Videos_by_Terra_X> (biggest >> Public Service Broadcaster in Germany). There are dubbed versions available >> in English, Dutch, Welsh and Esperanto. There are subtitles available in >> numerous other languages. >> >> Read more (3 min read) in this Wikimedia Foundations Blogpost >> >> https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com/broadcast-by-the-public-for-the-public-a68b1ed0ada7 >> or find more detailed "lessons learned" here (30 minutes talk + Q&A @rc3 >> ) >> https://media.ccc.de/v/rc3-2020-140-public-service-public-value >> >> >> The international public broadcasters can benefit from the experiences >> we've made here. They should now follow the leadership of various >> cultural institutions like the Dutch Rijksmuseum >> <https://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Publications/Democratising%20the%20Rijksmuseum.pdf> >> who make their content more visible and beneficial to artists and educators >> worldwide and licence it freely. In a time of crisis, we can learn together. >> >> So... I know of some Institutions who already tried out stuff with >> Creativecommons. But I don't want to approach international broadcasters >> w/o consulting with you first. Maybe there's already some cooperation on >> other projects going on that I should know about or you know exactly the >> people to talk to. >> >> If not, I'll just be sending mails and calls all over the place and hope >> to wake up the right people. But everything is more fun if we do it >> together ;) >> >> Sincerely yours, >> Bernd >> -- >> Bernd Fiedler >> Projektmanager Politik >> Project Manager Public Policy >> >> Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. | Tempelhofer Ufer 23-24 | 10963 Berlin >> Mobil 0151 25 31 17 09 >> Büro (030) 219 158 26-0 >> https://wikimedia.de >> >> Unsere Vision ist eine Welt, in der alle Menschen am Wissen der >> Menschheit teilhaben, es nutzen und mehren können. Helfen Sie uns dabei! >> https://spenden.wikimedia.de >> Hier finden Sie unseren neuen Newsletter >> <https://www.wikimedia.de/newsletter/>! >> >> Wikimedia Deutschland — Gesellschaft zur Förderung Freien Wissens e. V. >> Eingetragen im Vereinsregister des Amtsgerichts Berlin-Charlottenburg unter >> der Nummer 23855 B. Als gemeinnützig anerkannt durch das Finanzamt für >> Körperschaften I Berlin, Steuernummer 27/029/42207. >> _______________________________________________ >> Publicpolicy mailing list >> [email protected] >> https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/publicpolicy >> > > > > -- > Hanno Lans > Middenweg 73 > 2024 XA Haarlem > > [email protected] > +31-626076205 > @hanno > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > Publicpolicy mailing list > [email protected] > https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/publicpolicy > -- Bernd Fiedler Projektmanager Politik project manager public policy Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. | Tempelhofer Ufer 23-24 | 10963 Berlin Mobil 0151 25 31 17 09 Büro (030) 219 158 26-0 https://wikimedia.de Unsere Vision ist eine Welt, in der alle Menschen am Wissen der Menschheit teilhaben, es nutzen und mehren können. Helfen Sie uns dabei! https://spenden.wikimedia.de Hier finden Sie unseren neuen Newsletter <https://www.wikimedia.de/newsletter/>! Wikimedia Deutschland — Gesellschaft zur Förderung Freien Wissens e. V. Eingetragen im Vereinsregister des Amtsgerichts Berlin-Charlottenburg unter der Nummer 23855 B. Als gemeinnützig anerkannt durch das Finanzamt für Körperschaften I Berlin, Steuernummer 27/029/42207.
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