Author: Armin Rigo <ar...@tunes.org>
Branch: 
Changeset: r46676:e3bdbe573e9d
Date: 2011-08-20 21:56 +0000
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/e3bdbe573e9d/

Log:    merge heads

diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/eval.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/eval.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/eval.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/eval.py
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rffi, lltype
 from pypy.module.cpyext.api import (
-    cpython_api, CANNOT_FAIL, CONST_STRING, FILEP, fread, feof, Py_ssize_tP)
+    cpython_api, CANNOT_FAIL, CONST_STRING, FILEP, fread, feof, Py_ssize_tP,
+    cpython_struct)
 from pypy.module.cpyext.pyobject import PyObject, borrow_from
 from pypy.module.cpyext.pyerrors import PyErr_SetFromErrno
 from pypy.module.__builtin__ import compiling
 
+PyCompilerFlags = cpython_struct(
+    "PyCompilerFlags", ())
+PyCompilerFlagsPtr = lltype.Ptr(PyCompilerFlags)
+
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject, PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(space, w_obj, w_arg, w_kwds):
     return space.call(w_obj, w_arg, w_kwds)
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@
 Py_file_input = 257
 Py_eval_input = 258
 
-def run_string(space, source, filename, start, w_globals, w_locals):
+def compile_string(space, source, filename, start):
     w_source = space.wrap(source)
     start = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, start)
     if start == Py_file_input:
@@ -80,8 +85,11 @@
         mode = 'single'
     else:
         raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
-            "invalid mode parameter for PyRun_String"))
-    w_code = compiling.compile(space, w_source, filename, mode)
+            "invalid mode parameter for compilation"))
+    return compiling.compile(space, w_source, filename, mode)
+
+def run_string(space, source, filename, start, w_globals, w_locals):
+    w_code = compile_string(space, source, filename, start)
     return compiling.eval(space, w_code, w_globals, w_locals)
 
 @cpython_api([CONST_STRING], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
@@ -140,3 +148,19 @@
         pi[0] = space.getindex_w(w_obj, None)
     return 1
 
+@cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, rffi.CCHARP, rffi.INT_real, PyCompilerFlagsPtr],
+             PyObject)
+def Py_CompileStringFlags(space, source, filename, start, flags):
+    """Parse and compile the Python source code in str, returning the
+    resulting code object.  The start token is given by start; this
+    can be used to constrain the code which can be compiled and should
+    be Py_eval_input, Py_file_input, or Py_single_input.  The filename
+    specified by filename is used to construct the code object and may
+    appear in tracebacks or SyntaxError exception messages.  This
+    returns NULL if the code cannot be parsed or compiled."""
+    source = rffi.charp2str(source)
+    filename = rffi.charp2str(filename)
+    if flags:
+        raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError, space.wrap(
+                "cpyext Py_CompileStringFlags does not accept flags"))
+    return compile_string(space, source, filename, start)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/import_.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/import_.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/import_.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/import_.py
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 from pypy.module.cpyext.api import (
     generic_cpy_call, cpython_api, PyObject, CONST_STRING)
 from pypy.module.cpyext.pyobject import borrow_from
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rffi
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.interpreter.module import Module
+from pypy.interpreter.pycode import PyCode
+from pypy.module.imp import importing
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyImport_Import(space, w_name):
@@ -80,3 +82,44 @@
     w_modulesDict = space.sys.get('modules')
     return borrow_from(None, w_modulesDict)
 
+@cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, PyObject], PyObject)
+def PyImport_ExecCodeModule(space, name, w_code):
+    """Given a module name (possibly of the form package.module) and a code
+    object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in
+    function compile(), load the module.  Return a new reference to the module
+    object, or NULL with an exception set if an error occurred.  Before Python
+    2.4, the module could still be created in error cases.  Starting with 
Python
+    2.4, name is removed from sys.modules in error cases, and even if name was
+    already in sys.modules on entry to PyImport_ExecCodeModule().  Leaving
+    incompletely initialized modules in sys.modules is dangerous, as imports of
+    such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and
+    probably damaged with respect to the module author's intents) state.
+
+    The module's __file__ attribute will be set to the code object's
+    co_filename.
+
+    This function will reload the module if it was already imported.  See
+    PyImport_ReloadModule() for the intended way to reload a module.
+
+    If name points to a dotted name of the form package.module, any package
+    structures not already created will still not be created.
+
+    name is removed from sys.modules in error cases."""
+    return PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(space, name, w_code,
+                                     lltype.nullptr(rffi.CCHARP.TO))
+
+
+@cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, PyObject, rffi.CCHARP], PyObject)
+def PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(space, name, w_code, pathname):
+    """Like PyImport_ExecCodeModule(), but the __file__ attribute of
+    the module object is set to pathname if it is non-NULL."""
+    code = space.interp_w(PyCode, w_code)
+    w_name = space.wrap(rffi.charp2str(name))
+    if pathname:
+        pathname = rffi.charp2str(pathname)
+    else:
+        pathname = code.co_filename
+    w_mod = importing.add_module(space, w_name)
+    space.setattr(w_mod, space.wrap('__file__'), space.wrap(pathname))
+    importing.exec_code_module(space, w_mod, code)
+    return w_mod
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/include/pythonrun.h 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/include/pythonrun.h
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/include/pythonrun.h
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/include/pythonrun.h
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@
 
 #define Py_FrozenFlag 0
 
+typedef struct {
+    int cf_flags;  /* bitmask of CO_xxx flags relevant to future */
+} PyCompilerFlags;
+
+#define Py_CompileString(str, filename, start) Py_CompileStringFlags(str, 
filename, start, NULL)
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/presetup.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/presetup.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/presetup.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/presetup.py
@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@
 patch_distutils()
 
 del sys.argv[0]
-execfile(sys.argv[0])
+execfile(sys.argv[0], {'__file__': sys.argv[0]})
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/setobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/setobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/setobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/setobject.py
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
 def PySet_New(space, w_iterable):
+    """Return a new set containing objects returned by the iterable.  The
+    iterable may be NULL to create a new empty set.  Return the new set on
+    success or NULL on failure.  Raise TypeError if iterable is not
+    actually iterable.  The constructor is also useful for copying a set
+    (c=set(s))."""
     if w_iterable is None:
         return space.call_function(space.w_set)
     else:
@@ -21,6 +26,15 @@
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
 def PySet_Add(space, w_s, w_obj):
+    """Add key to a set instance.  Does not apply to frozenset
+    instances.  Return 0 on success or -1 on failure. Raise a TypeError if
+    the key is unhashable. Raise a MemoryError if there is no room to grow.
+    Raise a SystemError if set is an not an instance of set or its
+    subtype.
+
+    Now works with instances of frozenset or its subtypes.
+    Like PyTuple_SetItem() in that it can be used to fill-in the
+    values of brand new frozensets before they are exposed to other code."""
     if not PySet_Check(space, w_s):
         PyErr_BadInternalCall(space)
     space.call_method(w_s, 'add', w_obj)
@@ -28,6 +42,12 @@
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
 def PySet_Discard(space, w_s, w_obj):
+    """Return 1 if found and removed, 0 if not found (no action taken), and -1 
if an
+    error is encountered.  Does not raise KeyError for missing keys.  Raise a
+    TypeError if the key is unhashable.  Unlike the Python discard()
+    method, this function does not automatically convert unhashable sets into
+    temporary frozensets. Raise PyExc_SystemError if set is an not an
+    instance of set or its subtype."""
     if not PySet_Check(space, w_s):
         PyErr_BadInternalCall(space)
     space.call_method(w_s, 'discard', w_obj)
@@ -36,11 +56,25 @@
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], Py_ssize_t, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
 def PySet_GET_SIZE(space, w_s):
+    """Macro form of PySet_Size() without error checking."""
     return space.int_w(space.len(w_s))
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], Py_ssize_t, error=-1)
 def PySet_Size(space, ref):
+    """Return the length of a set or frozenset object. Equivalent to
+    len(anyset).  Raises a PyExc_SystemError if anyset is not a set, frozenset,
+    or an instance of a subtype."""
     if not PySet_Check(space, ref):
         raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError,
                              space.wrap("expected set object"))
     return PySet_GET_SIZE(space, ref)
+
+@cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
+def PySet_Contains(space, w_obj, w_key):
+    """Return 1 if found, 0 if not found, and -1 if an error is encountered.  
Unlike
+    the Python __contains__() method, this function does not automatically
+    convert unhashable sets into temporary frozensets.  Raise a TypeError if
+    the key is unhashable. Raise PyExc_SystemError if anyset is not a
+    set, frozenset, or an instance of a subtype."""
+    w_res = space.contains(w_obj, w_key)
+    return space.int_w(w_res)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py
@@ -1048,37 +1048,6 @@
     """
     raise NotImplementedError
 
-@cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, PyObject], PyObject)
-def PyImport_ExecCodeModule(space, name, co):
-    """Given a module name (possibly of the form package.module) and a code
-    object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in
-    function compile(), load the module.  Return a new reference to the module
-    object, or NULL with an exception set if an error occurred.  Before Python
-    2.4, the module could still be created in error cases.  Starting with 
Python
-    2.4, name is removed from sys.modules in error cases, and even if name was
-    already in sys.modules on entry to PyImport_ExecCodeModule().  Leaving
-    incompletely initialized modules in sys.modules is dangerous, as imports of
-    such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and
-    probably damaged with respect to the module author's intents) state.
-
-    The module's __file__ attribute will be set to the code object's
-    co_filename.
-
-    This function will reload the module if it was already imported.  See
-    PyImport_ReloadModule() for the intended way to reload a module.
-
-    If name points to a dotted name of the form package.module, any package
-    structures not already created will still not be created.
-
-    name is removed from sys.modules in error cases."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, PyObject, rffi.CCHARP], PyObject)
-def PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(space, name, co, pathname):
-    """Like PyImport_ExecCodeModule(), but the __file__ attribute of
-    the module object is set to pathname if it is non-NULL."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([], lltype.Signed, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
 def PyImport_GetMagicNumber(space):
     """Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. .pyc and
@@ -1958,12 +1927,6 @@
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
-def PySet_Check(space, p):
-    """Return true if p is a set object or an instance of a subtype.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
 def PyFrozenSet_Check(space, p):
     """Return true if p is a frozenset object or an instance of a
     subtype.
@@ -1989,15 +1952,6 @@
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
-def PySet_New(space, iterable):
-    """Return a new set containing objects returned by the iterable.  The
-    iterable may be NULL to create a new empty set.  Return the new set on
-    success or NULL on failure.  Raise TypeError if iterable is not
-    actually iterable.  The constructor is also useful for copying a set
-    (c=set(s))."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyFrozenSet_New(space, iterable):
     """Return a new frozenset containing objects returned by the iterable.
     The iterable may be NULL to create a new empty frozenset.  Return the new
@@ -2009,53 +1963,6 @@
     building-up new frozensets with PySet_Add()."""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
-@cpython_api([PyObject], Py_ssize_t, error=-1)
-def PySet_Size(space, anyset):
-    """Return the length of a set or frozenset object. Equivalent to
-    len(anyset).  Raises a PyExc_SystemError if anyset is not a set, frozenset,
-    or an instance of a subtype.
-
-    This function returned an int. This might require changes in
-    your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([PyObject], Py_ssize_t, error=-1)
-def PySet_GET_SIZE(space, anyset):
-    """Macro form of PySet_Size() without error checking."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
-def PySet_Contains(space, anyset, key):
-    """Return 1 if found, 0 if not found, and -1 if an error is encountered.  
Unlike
-    the Python __contains__() method, this function does not automatically
-    convert unhashable sets into temporary frozensets.  Raise a TypeError if
-    the key is unhashable. Raise PyExc_SystemError if anyset is not a
-    set, frozenset, or an instance of a subtype."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
-def PySet_Add(space, set, key):
-    """Add key to a set instance.  Does not apply to frozenset
-    instances.  Return 0 on success or -1 on failure. Raise a TypeError if
-    the key is unhashable. Raise a MemoryError if there is no room to grow.
-    Raise a SystemError if set is an not an instance of set or its
-    subtype.
-
-    Now works with instances of frozenset or its subtypes.
-    Like PyTuple_SetItem() in that it can be used to fill-in the
-    values of brand new frozensets before they are exposed to other code."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
-def PySet_Discard(space, set, key):
-    """Return 1 if found and removed, 0 if not found (no action taken), and -1 
if an
-    error is encountered.  Does not raise KeyError for missing keys.  Raise a
-    TypeError if the key is unhashable.  Unlike the Python discard()
-    method, this function does not automatically convert unhashable sets into
-    temporary frozensets. Raise PyExc_SystemError if set is an not an
-    instance of set or its subtype."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
 def PySet_Pop(space, set):
     """Return a new reference to an arbitrary object in the set, and removes 
the
@@ -2224,29 +2131,6 @@
     """Return 1 or 0 depending on whether ch is an alphabetic character."""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
-@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], Py_UNICODE, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
-def Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(space, ch):
-    """Return the character ch converted to title case."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], rffi.INT_real, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
-def Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(space, ch):
-    """Return the character ch converted to a decimal positive integer.  Return
-    -1 if this is not possible.  This macro does not raise exceptions."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], rffi.INT_real, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
-def Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(space, ch):
-    """Return the character ch converted to a single digit integer. Return -1 
if
-    this is not possible.  This macro does not raise exceptions."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], rffi.DOUBLE, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
-def Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(space, ch):
-    """Return the character ch converted to a double. Return -1.0 if this is 
not
-    possible.  This macro does not raise exceptions."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP], PyObject)
 def PyUnicode_FromFormat(space, format):
     """Take a C printf()-style format string and a variable number of
@@ -2732,12 +2616,6 @@
     use the default error handling."""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
-@cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], PyObject)
-def PyUnicode_Join(space, separator, seq):
-    """Join a sequence of strings using the given separator and return the 
resulting
-    Unicode string."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t, rffi.INT_real], 
rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
 def PyUnicode_Tailmatch(space, str, substr, start, end, direction):
     """Return 1 if substr matches str*[*start:end] at the given tail end
@@ -2800,12 +2678,6 @@
     Py_NE, Py_LT, and Py_LE."""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
-@cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], PyObject)
-def PyUnicode_Format(space, format, args):
-    """Return a new string object from format and args; this is analogous to
-    format % args.  The args argument must be a tuple."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
 def PyUnicode_Contains(space, container, element):
     """Check whether element is contained in container and return true or false
@@ -2992,23 +2864,6 @@
     returns."""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
-@cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, rffi.CCHARP, rffi.INT_real], PyObject)
-def Py_CompileString(space, str, filename, start):
-    """This is a simplified interface to Py_CompileStringFlags() below, leaving
-    flags set to NULL."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, rffi.CCHARP, rffi.INT_real, PyCompilerFlags], 
PyObject)
-def Py_CompileStringFlags(space, str, filename, start, flags):
-    """Parse and compile the Python source code in str, returning the 
resulting code
-    object.  The start token is given by start; this can be used to constrain 
the
-    code which can be compiled and should be Py_eval_input,
-    Py_file_input, or Py_single_input.  The filename specified by
-    filename is used to construct the code object and may appear in tracebacks 
or
-    SyntaxError exception messages.  This returns NULL if the code cannot
-    be parsed or compiled."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([PyCodeObject, PyObject, PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyEval_EvalCode(space, co, globals, locals):
     """This is a simplified interface to PyEval_EvalCodeEx(), with just
@@ -3076,11 +2931,3 @@
     None, or NULL, this will return NULL and raise TypeError.
     """
     raise NotImplementedError
-
-@cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
-def PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT(space, ref):
-    """Similar to PyWeakref_GetObject(), but implemented as a macro that does 
no
-    error checking.
-    """
-    borrow_from()
-    raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_eval.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_eval.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_eval.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_eval.py
@@ -221,4 +221,38 @@
             return args
         assert module.call_func(f) == (None,)
         assert module.call_method("text") == 2
-        
+
+    def test_CompileString_and_Exec(self):
+        module = self.import_extension('foo', [
+            ("compile_string", "METH_NOARGS",
+             """
+                return Py_CompileString(
+                   "f = lambda x: x+5", "someFile", Py_file_input);
+             """),
+            ("exec_code", "METH_O",
+             """
+                return PyImport_ExecCodeModule("cpyext_test_modname", args);
+             """),
+            ("exec_code_ex", "METH_O",
+             """
+                return PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx("cpyext_test_modname",
+                                                 args, "otherFile");
+             """),
+            ])
+        code = module.compile_string()
+        assert code.co_filename == "someFile"
+        assert code.co_name == "<module>"
+
+        mod = module.exec_code(code)
+        assert mod.__name__ == "cpyext_test_modname"
+        assert mod.__file__ == "someFile"
+        print dir(mod)
+        print mod.__dict__
+        assert mod.f(42) == 47
+
+        mod = module.exec_code_ex(code)
+        assert mod.__name__ == "cpyext_test_modname"
+        assert mod.__file__ == "otherFile"
+        print dir(mod)
+        print mod.__dict__
+        assert mod.f(42) == 47
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_setobject.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_setobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_setobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_setobject.py
@@ -27,3 +27,8 @@
         assert api.PySet_Size(w_set) == 5
         api.PySet_Discard(w_set, space.wrap(6))
         assert api.PySet_Size(w_set) == 4
+
+    def test_set_contains(self, space, api):
+        w_set = api.PySet_New(space.wrap([1,2,3,4]))
+        assert api.PySet_Contains(w_set, space.wrap(1))
+        assert not api.PySet_Contains(w_set, space.wrap(0))
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py
@@ -219,6 +219,24 @@
         assert api.Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER(u'&#65533;') == u'&#65533;'
         assert api.Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER(u'&#65533;') == u'&#65533;'
 
+    def test_TOTITLE(self, space, api):
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(u'/') == u'/'
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(u'&#65533;') == u'&#65533;'
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(u'&#65533;') == u'&#65533;'
+
+    def test_TODECIMAL(self, space, api):
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(u'6') == 6
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(u'A') == -1
+
+    def test_TODIGIT(self, space, api):
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(u'6') == 6
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(u'A') == -1
+
+    def test_TONUMERIC(self, space, api):
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(u'6') == 6.0
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(u'A') == -1.0
+        assert api.Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(u'\N{VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF}') == .5
+
     def test_fromobject(self, space, api):
         w_u = space.wrap(u'a')
         assert api.PyUnicode_FromObject(w_u) is w_u
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py
@@ -122,6 +122,38 @@
     """Return the character ch converted to upper case."""
     return unichr(unicodedb.toupper(ord(ch)))
 
+@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], Py_UNICODE, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
+def Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(space, ch):
+    """Return the character ch converted to title case."""
+    return unichr(unicodedb.totitle(ord(ch)))
+
+@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], rffi.INT_real, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
+def Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(space, ch):
+    """Return the character ch converted to a decimal positive integer.  Return
+    -1 if this is not possible.  This macro does not raise exceptions."""
+    try:
+        return unicodedb.decimal(ord(ch))
+    except KeyError:
+        return -1
+
+@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], rffi.INT_real, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
+def Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(space, ch):
+    """Return the character ch converted to a single digit integer. Return -1 
if
+    this is not possible.  This macro does not raise exceptions."""
+    try:
+        return unicodedb.digit(ord(ch))
+    except KeyError:
+        return -1
+
+@cpython_api([Py_UNICODE], rffi.DOUBLE, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
+def Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(space, ch):
+    """Return the character ch converted to a double. Return -1.0 if this is 
not
+    possible.  This macro does not raise exceptions."""
+    try:
+        return unicodedb.numeric(ord(ch))
+    except KeyError:
+        return -1.0
+
 @cpython_api([PyObject], rffi.CCHARP, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
 def PyUnicode_AS_DATA(space, ref):
     """Return a pointer to the internal buffer of the object. o has to be a
@@ -526,8 +558,12 @@
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyUnicode_Format(space, w_format, w_args):
+    """Return a new string object from format and args; this is analogous to
+    format % args.  The args argument must be a tuple."""
     return space.mod(w_format, w_args)
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyUnicode_Join(space, w_sep, w_seq):
+    """Join a sequence of strings using the given separator and return the 
resulting
+    Unicode string."""
     return space.call_method(w_sep, 'join', w_seq)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/weakrefobject.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/weakrefobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/weakrefobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/weakrefobject.py
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT(space, w_ref):
+    """Similar to PyWeakref_GetObject(), but implemented as a macro that does 
no
+    error checking.
+    """
     return borrow_from(w_ref, space.call_function(w_ref))
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
diff --git a/pypy/module/imp/importing.py b/pypy/module/imp/importing.py
--- a/pypy/module/imp/importing.py
+++ b/pypy/module/imp/importing.py
@@ -540,6 +540,13 @@
     if pkgdir is not None:
         space.setattr(w_mod, w('__path__'), space.newlist([w(pkgdir)]))
 
+def add_module(space, w_name):
+    w_mod = check_sys_modules(space, w_name)
+    if w_mod is None:
+        w_mod = space.wrap(Module(space, w_name))
+        space.sys.setmodule(w_mod)
+    return w_mod
+
 def load_c_extension(space, filename, modulename):
     # the next line is mandatory to init cpyext
     space.getbuiltinmodule("cpyext")
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