Author: Joannah Nanjekye <nanjekyejoan...@gmail.com>
Branch: os_lockf
Changeset: r92918:f3f07f772e02
Date: 2017-10-30 12:57 +0300
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/f3f07f772e02/

Log:    merge conflict

diff --git a/.hgignore b/.hgignore
--- a/.hgignore
+++ b/.hgignore
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@
 ^lib_pypy/.+.c$
 ^lib_pypy/.+.o$
 ^lib_pypy/.+.so$
+^lib_pypy/.+.pyd$
+^lib_pypy/Release/
 ^pypy/doc/discussion/.+\.html$
 ^include/.+\.h$
 ^include/.+\.inl$
diff --git a/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_bitfields.py 
b/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_bitfields.py
--- a/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_bitfields.py
+++ b/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_bitfields.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from ctypes import *
-from ctypes.test import need_symbol
+from ctypes.test import need_symbol, xfail
 import unittest
 import os
 
@@ -279,6 +279,7 @@
         self.assertEqual(b, b'\xef\xcd\xab\x21')
 
     @need_symbol('c_uint32')
+    @xfail
     def test_uint32_swap_big_endian(self):
         # Issue #23319
         class Big(BigEndianStructure):
diff --git a/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_byteswap.py 
b/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_byteswap.py
--- a/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_byteswap.py
+++ b/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_byteswap.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from binascii import hexlify
 
 from ctypes import *
+from test.support import impl_detail
 
 def bin(s):
     return hexlify(memoryview(s)).decode().upper()
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@
             setattr(bits, "i%s" % i, 1)
             dump(bits)
 
+    @impl_detail("slots are irrelevant on PyPy", pypy=False)
     def test_slots(self):
         class BigPoint(BigEndianStructure):
             __slots__ = ()
diff --git a/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_frombuffer.py 
b/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_frombuffer.py
--- a/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_frombuffer.py
+++ b/lib-python/3/ctypes/test/test_frombuffer.py
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@
         del a
         gc.collect()  # Should not crash
 
-    @xfail
     def test_from_buffer_copy(self):
         a = array.array("i", range(16))
         x = (c_int * 16).from_buffer_copy(a)
diff --git a/lib-python/3/test/test_bytes.py b/lib-python/3/test/test_bytes.py
--- a/lib-python/3/test/test_bytes.py
+++ b/lib-python/3/test/test_bytes.py
@@ -721,9 +721,12 @@
         self.assertIs(type(BytesSubclass(A())), BytesSubclass)
 
     # Test PyBytes_FromFormat()
-    @test.support.impl_detail("don't test cpyext here")
     def test_from_format(self):
         test.support.import_module('ctypes')
+        try:
+            from ctypes import pythonapi
+        except ImportError:
+            self.skipTest( "no pythonapi in ctypes")
         from ctypes import pythonapi, py_object, c_int, c_char_p
         PyBytes_FromFormat = pythonapi.PyBytes_FromFormat
         PyBytes_FromFormat.restype = py_object
diff --git a/lib-python/3/test/test_unicode.py 
b/lib-python/3/test/test_unicode.py
--- a/lib-python/3/test/test_unicode.py
+++ b/lib-python/3/test/test_unicode.py
@@ -2396,6 +2396,10 @@
     # Test PyUnicode_FromFormat()
     def test_from_format(self):
         support.import_module('ctypes')
+        try:
+            from ctypes import pythonapi
+        except ImportError:
+            self.skipTest( "no pythonapi in ctypes")
         from ctypes import (
             pythonapi, py_object, sizeof,
             c_int, c_long, c_longlong, c_ssize_t,
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/array.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/array.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/array.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/array.py
@@ -8,9 +8,14 @@
 class ArrayMeta(_CDataMeta):
     def __new__(self, name, cls, typedict):
         res = type.__new__(self, name, cls, typedict)
+
         if cls == (_CData,): # this is the Array class defined below
+            res._ffiarray = None
             return res
-
+        if not hasattr(res, '_length_') or not isinstance(res._length_, int):
+            raise AttributeError(
+                "class must define a '_length_' attribute, "
+                "which must be a positive integer")
         ffiarray = res._ffiarray = _rawffi.Array(res._type_._ffishape_)
         subletter = getattr(res._type_, '_type_', None)
         if subletter == 'c':
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@
                 for i in range(len(val)):
                     target[i] = val[i]
                 if len(val) < self._length_:
-                    target[len(val)] = '\x00'
+                    target[len(val)] = u'\x00'
             res.value = property(getvalue, setvalue)
 
         res._ffishape_ = (ffiarray, res._length_)
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@
     if letter == 'c':
         return b"".join(l)
     if letter == 'u':
-        return "".join(l)
+        return u"".join(l)
     return l
 
 class Array(_CData, metaclass=ArrayMeta):
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/basics.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/basics.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/basics.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/basics.py
@@ -165,6 +165,10 @@
     def _get_buffer_value(self):
         return self._buffer[0]
 
+    def _copy_to(self, addr):
+        target = type(self).from_address(addr)._buffer
+        target[0] = self._get_buffer_value()
+
     def _to_ffi_param(self):
         if self.__class__._is_pointer_like():
             return self._get_buffer_value()
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/pointer.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/pointer.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/pointer.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/pointer.py
@@ -113,7 +113,9 @@
         cobj = self._type_.from_param(value)
         if ensure_objects(cobj) is not None:
             store_reference(self, index, cobj._objects)
-        self._subarray(index)[0] = cobj._get_buffer_value()
+        address = self._buffer[0]
+        address += index * sizeof(self._type_)
+        cobj._copy_to(address)
 
     def __bool__(self):
         return self._buffer[0] != 0
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/primitive.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/primitive.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/primitive.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/primitive.py
@@ -232,9 +232,6 @@
 
         elif tp == 'u':
             def _setvalue(self, val):
-                if isinstance(val, bytes):
-                    val = val.decode(ConvMode.encoding, ConvMode.errors)
-                # possible if we use 'ignore'
                 if val:
                     self._buffer[0] = val
             def _getvalue(self):
@@ -243,8 +240,6 @@
 
         elif tp == 'c':
             def _setvalue(self, val):
-                if isinstance(val, str):
-                    val = val.encode(ConvMode.encoding, ConvMode.errors)
                 if val:
                     self._buffer[0] = val
             def _getvalue(self):
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/structure.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/structure.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/structure.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/structure.py
@@ -290,6 +290,11 @@
     def _get_buffer_value(self):
         return self._buffer.buffer
 
+    def _copy_to(self, addr):
+        from ctypes import memmove
+        origin = self._get_buffer_value()
+        memmove(addr, origin, self._fficompositesize_)
+
     def _to_ffi_param(self):
         return self._buffer
 
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
@@ -1080,21 +1080,25 @@
         if '\0' in sql:
             raise ValueError("the query contains a null character")
 
-        first_word = sql.lstrip().split(" ")[0].upper()
-        if first_word == "":
+        
+        if sql:
+            first_word = sql.lstrip().split()[0].upper()
+            if first_word == '':
+                self._type = _STMT_TYPE_INVALID
+            if first_word == "SELECT":
+                self._type = _STMT_TYPE_SELECT
+            elif first_word == "INSERT":
+                self._type = _STMT_TYPE_INSERT
+            elif first_word == "UPDATE":
+                self._type = _STMT_TYPE_UPDATE
+            elif first_word == "DELETE":
+                self._type = _STMT_TYPE_DELETE
+            elif first_word == "REPLACE":
+                self._type = _STMT_TYPE_REPLACE
+            else:
+                self._type = _STMT_TYPE_OTHER
+        else:
             self._type = _STMT_TYPE_INVALID
-        elif first_word == "SELECT":
-            self._type = _STMT_TYPE_SELECT
-        elif first_word == "INSERT":
-            self._type = _STMT_TYPE_INSERT
-        elif first_word == "UPDATE":
-            self._type = _STMT_TYPE_UPDATE
-        elif first_word == "DELETE":
-            self._type = _STMT_TYPE_DELETE
-        elif first_word == "REPLACE":
-            self._type = _STMT_TYPE_REPLACE
-        else:
-            self._type = _STMT_TYPE_OTHER
 
         if isinstance(sql, unicode):
             sql = sql.encode('utf-8')
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info/PKG-INFO b/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info/PKG-INFO
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info/PKG-INFO
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info/PKG-INFO
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 1.1
 Name: cffi
-Version: 1.11.1
+Version: 1.11.2
 Summary: Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
 Home-page: http://cffi.readthedocs.org
 Author: Armin Rigo, Maciej Fijalkowski
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 from .api import FFI
 from .error import CDefError, FFIError, VerificationError, VerificationMissing
 
-__version__ = "1.11.1"
-__version_info__ = (1, 11, 1)
+__version__ = "1.11.2"
+__version_info__ = (1, 11, 2)
 
 # The verifier module file names are based on the CRC32 of a string that
 # contains the following version number.  It may be older than __version__
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/_cffi_include.h b/lib_pypy/cffi/_cffi_include.h
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/_cffi_include.h
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/_cffi_include.h
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@
 _CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char16_t(uint16_t x)
 {
     if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 2)
-        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t(x);
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
     else
-        return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t(x);
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t((int)x);
 }
 
 _CFFI_UNUSED_FN static int _cffi_to_c_char32_t(PyObject *o)
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
 _CFFI_UNUSED_FN static PyObject *_cffi_from_c_char32_t(int x)
 {
     if (sizeof(_cffi_wchar_t) == 4)
-        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t(x);
+        return _cffi_from_c_wchar_t((_cffi_wchar_t)x);
     else
         return _cffi_from_c_wchar3216_t(x);
 }
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/_embedding.h b/lib_pypy/cffi/_embedding.h
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/_embedding.h
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/_embedding.h
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
 
         if (f != NULL && f != Py_None) {
             PyFile_WriteString("\nFrom: " _CFFI_MODULE_NAME
-                               "\ncompiled with cffi version: 1.11.1"
+                               "\ncompiled with cffi version: 1.11.2"
                                "\n_cffi_backend module: ", f);
             modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict();
             mod = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "_cffi_backend");
diff --git a/pypy/TODO b/pypy/TODO
--- a/pypy/TODO
+++ b/pypy/TODO
@@ -1,18 +1,4 @@
-TODO for the python3 test suite:
-
-* test_memoryview
-   Needs bytes/str changes. Probably easy. Work for this has begun on
-   py3k-memoryview (by mjacob) https://bugs.pypy.org/issue1542
-
-own-tests:
-
-* module/test_lib_pypy
-  These crash the buildbots (via SyntaxErrors): others were really
-  made to run under Python 2.x and so simply fail
-
-* module.cpyext.test.test_structseq test_StructSeq
-  structseq now subclasses tuple on py3, which breaks how
-  BaseCpyTypeDescr.realize allocates it
+...
 
 
 antocuni's older TODO:
@@ -20,14 +6,6 @@
 * run coverage against the parser/astbuilder/astcompiler: it's probably full of
 dead code because the grammar changed
 
-* re-enable strategies https://bugs.pypy.org/issue1540 :
- - re-enable IntDictStrategy
- - re-enable StdObjSpace.listview_str
- - re-enable the kwargs dict strategy in dictmultiobject.py
- - re-enable view_as_kwargs
-
-* unskip numpypy tests in module/test_lib_pypy/numpypy/
-
 * optimize W_UnicodeObject, right now it stores both an unicode and an utf8
 version of the same string
 
diff --git a/pypy/doc/build.rst b/pypy/doc/build.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/build.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/build.rst
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
 
 To run untranslated tests, you need the Boehm garbage collector libgc.
 
-On recent Debian and Ubuntu (like 17.04), this is the command to install
+On recent Debian and Ubuntu (16.04 onwards), this is the command to install
 all build-time dependencies::
 
     apt-get install gcc make libffi-dev pkg-config zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev \
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
     tk-dev libgc-dev python-cffi \
     liblzma-dev libncursesw5-dev     # these two only needed on PyPy3
 
-On older Debian and Ubuntu (12.04 to 16.04)::
+On older Debian and Ubuntu (12.04-14.04)::
 
     apt-get install gcc make libffi-dev pkg-config libz-dev libbz2-dev \
     libsqlite3-dev libncurses-dev libexpat1-dev libssl-dev libgdbm-dev \
@@ -149,12 +149,23 @@
     xz-devel # For lzma on PyPy3.
     (XXX plus the SLES11 version of libgdbm-dev and tk-dev)
 
-On Mac OS X, most of these build-time dependencies are installed alongside
+On Mac OS X::
+
+Most of these build-time dependencies are installed alongside
 the Developer Tools. However, note that in order for the installation to
 find them you may need to run::
 
     xcode-select --install
 
+An exception is OpenSSL, which is no longer provided with the operating
+system. It can be obtained via Homebrew (with ``$ brew install openssl``),
+but it will not be available on the system path by default. The easiest
+way to enable it for building pypy is to set an environment variable::
+
+    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(brew --prefix)/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig
+
+After setting this, translation (described next) will find the OpenSSL libs
+as expected.
 
 Run the translation
 -------------------
@@ -187,18 +198,18 @@
    entire pypy interpreter. This step is currently singe threaded, and RAM
    hungry. As part of this step,  the chain creates a large number of C code
    files and a Makefile to compile them in a
-   directory controlled by the ``PYPY_USESSION_DIR`` environment variable.  
+   directory controlled by the ``PYPY_USESSION_DIR`` environment variable.
 2. Create an executable ``pypy-c`` by running the Makefile. This step can
-   utilize all possible cores on the machine.  
-3. Copy the needed binaries to the current directory.  
-4. Generate c-extension modules for any cffi-based stdlib modules.  
+   utilize all possible cores on the machine.
+3. Copy the needed binaries to the current directory.
+4. Generate c-extension modules for any cffi-based stdlib modules.
 
 
 The resulting executable behaves mostly like a normal Python
 interpreter (see :doc:`cpython_differences`), and is ready for testing, for
 use as a base interpreter for a new virtualenv, or for packaging into a binary
 suitable for installation on another machine running the same OS as the build
-machine. 
+machine.
 
 Note that step 4 is merely done as a convenience, any of the steps may be rerun
 without rerunning the previous steps.
@@ -255,7 +266,7 @@
 
 * PyPy 2.5.1 or earlier: normal users would see permission errors.
   Installers need to run ``pypy -c "import gdbm"`` and other similar
-  commands at install time; the exact list is in 
+  commands at install time; the exact list is in
   :source:`pypy/tool/release/package.py <package.py>`.  Users
   seeing a broken installation of PyPy can fix it after-the-fact if they
   have sudo rights, by running once e.g. ``sudo pypy -c "import gdbm``.
diff --git a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
@@ -240,9 +240,12 @@
 
 **matplotlib** https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 
-    TODO: the tkagg backend does not work, which makes tests fail on downstream
-    projects like Pandas, SciPy. It uses id(obj) as a c-pointer to obj in 
-    tkagg.py, which requires refactoring
+    Status: using the matplotlib branch of PyPy and the tkagg-cffi branch of
+    matplotlib from https://github.com/mattip/matplotlib/tree/tkagg-cffi, the
+    tkagg backend can function.
+
+    TODO: the matplotlib branch passes numpy arrays by value (copying all the
+    data), this proof-of-concept needs help to become completely compliant
 
 **wxPython** https://bitbucket.org/amauryfa/wxpython-cffi
 
diff --git a/pypy/doc/test/test_whatsnew.py b/pypy/doc/test/test_whatsnew.py
--- a/pypy/doc/test/test_whatsnew.py
+++ b/pypy/doc/test/test_whatsnew.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
     startrev, documented = parse_doc(last_whatsnew)
     merged, branch = get_merged_branches(ROOT, startrev, '')
     merged.discard('default')
-    merged.discard('py3k')
+    merged.discard('py3.5')
     merged.discard('')
     not_documented = merged.difference(documented)
     not_merged = documented.difference(merged)
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
     print '\n'.join(not_merged)
     print
     assert not not_documented
-    if branch == 'py3k':
+    if branch == 'py3.5':
         assert not not_merged
     else:
         assert branch in documented, 'Please document this branch before 
merging: %s' % branch
diff --git a/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst b/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst
@@ -5,4 +5,8 @@
 .. this is a revision shortly after release-pypy2.7-v5.9.0
 .. startrev:d56dadcef996
 
+.. branch: cppyy-packaging
+Cleanup and improve cppyy packaging
 
+.. branch: docs-osx-brew-openssl
+
diff --git a/pypy/doc/whatsnew-pypy3-head.rst b/pypy/doc/whatsnew-pypy3-head.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/whatsnew-pypy3-head.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/whatsnew-pypy3-head.rst
@@ -4,8 +4,3 @@
 
 .. this is the revision after release-pypy3.5-5.9
 .. startrev: be41e3ac0a29
-
-.. branch: multiphase
-
-Implement PyType_FromSpec (PEP 384) and fix issues with PEP 489 support.
-
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_interpreter.py 
b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_interpreter.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_interpreter.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_interpreter.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import py 
 import sys
 from pypy.interpreter import gateway, module, error
-from hypothesis import given, strategies
 
 class TestInterpreter: 
 
@@ -300,30 +299,6 @@
         assert "TypeError:" in res
         assert "'tuple' object is not a mapping" in res
 
-    @given(strategies.lists(strategies.one_of(strategies.none(),
-                                 strategies.lists(strategies.none()))))
-    def test_build_map_order(self, shape):
-        value = [10]
-        def build_expr(shape):
-            if shape is None:
-                value[0] += 1
-                return '0: %d' % value[0]
-            else:
-                return '**{%s}' % (', '.join(
-                    [build_expr(shape1) for shape1 in shape]),)
-
-        expr = build_expr(shape)[2:]
-        code = """
-        def f():
-            return %s
-        """ % (expr, )
-        res = self.codetest(code, 'f', [])
-        if value[0] == 10:
-            expected = {}
-        else:
-            expected = {0: value[0]}
-        assert res == expected, "got %r for %r" % (res, expr)
-
     def test_build_map_unpack_with_call(self):
         code = """
         def f(a,b,c,d):
@@ -348,6 +323,36 @@
         assert "TypeError:" in resg4
         assert "got multiple values for keyword argument 'a'" in resg4
 
+try:
+    from hypothesis import given, strategies
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    class TestHypothesisInterpreter(TestInterpreter): 
+        @given(strategies.lists(strategies.one_of(strategies.none(),
+                                     strategies.lists(strategies.none()))))
+        def test_build_map_order(self, shape):
+            value = [10]
+            def build_expr(shape):
+                if shape is None:
+                    value[0] += 1
+                    return '0: %d' % value[0]
+                else:
+                    return '**{%s}' % (', '.join(
+                        [build_expr(shape1) for shape1 in shape]),)
+
+            expr = build_expr(shape)[2:]
+            code = """
+            def f():
+                return %s
+            """ % (expr, )
+            res = self.codetest(code, 'f', [])
+            if value[0] == 10:
+                expected = {}
+            else:
+                expected = {0: value[0]}
+            assert res == expected, "got %r for %r" % (res, expr)
+
 
 class AppTestInterpreter: 
     def test_trivial(self):
diff --git a/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/__init__.py 
b/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from rpython.rlib import rdynload, clibffi
 from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem import rffi
 
-VERSION = "1.11.1"
+VERSION = "1.11.2"
 
 FFI_DEFAULT_ABI = clibffi.FFI_DEFAULT_ABI
 try:
diff --git a/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/test/_backend_test_c.py 
b/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/test/_backend_test_c.py
--- a/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/test/_backend_test_c.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/test/_backend_test_c.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 import sys
-assert __version__ == "1.11.1", ("This test_c.py file is for testing a version"
+assert __version__ == "1.11.2", ("This test_c.py file is for testing a version"
                                  " of cffi that differs from the one that we"
                                  " get from 'import _cffi_backend'")
 if sys.version_info < (3,):
diff --git a/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py 
b/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py
--- a/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py
@@ -762,9 +762,16 @@
         assert s == b'\xe9'
 
     def test_lone_surrogates(self):
-        for encoding in ('utf-8', 'utf-16', 'utf-16-le', 'utf-16-be',
-                         'utf-32', 'utf-32-le', 'utf-32-be'):
+        encodings = ('utf-8', 'utf-16', 'utf-16-le', 'utf-16-be',
+            'utf-32', 'utf-32-le', 'utf-32-be')
+        for encoding in encodings:
             raises(UnicodeEncodeError, u'\ud800'.encode, encoding)
+            assert (u'[\udc80]'.encode(encoding, "backslashreplace") ==
+                '[\\udc80]'.encode(encoding))
+            assert (u'[\udc80]'.encode(encoding, "ignore") ==
+                '[]'.encode(encoding))
+            assert (u'[\udc80]'.encode(encoding, "replace") ==
+                '[?]'.encode(encoding))
 
     def test_charmap_encode(self):
         assert 'xxx'.encode('charmap') == b'xxx'
diff --git a/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_stacklet.py 
b/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_stacklet.py
--- a/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_stacklet.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_stacklet.py
@@ -290,66 +290,87 @@
     def test_random_switching(self):
         from _continuation import continulet
         #
+        seen = []
+        #
         def t1(c1):
-            return c1.switch()
+            seen.append(3)
+            res = c1.switch()
+            seen.append(6)
+            return res
+        #
         def s1(c1, n):
+            seen.append(2)
             assert n == 123
             c2 = t1(c1)
-            return c1.switch('a') + 1
+            seen.append(7)
+            res = c1.switch('a') + 1
+            seen.append(10)
+            return res
         #
         def s2(c2, c1):
+            seen.append(5)
             res = c1.switch(c2)
+            seen.append(8)
             assert res == 'a'
-            return c2.switch('b') + 2
+            res = c2.switch('b') + 2
+            seen.append(12)
+            return res
         #
         def f():
+            seen.append(1)
             c1 = continulet(s1, 123)
             c2 = continulet(s2, c1)
             c1.switch()
+            seen.append(4)
             res = c2.switch()
+            seen.append(9)
             assert res == 'b'
             res = c1.switch(1000)
+            seen.append(11)
             assert res == 1001
-            return c2.switch(2000)
+            res = c2.switch(2000)
+            seen.append(13)
+            return res
         #
         res = f()
         assert res == 2002
+        assert seen == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
 
     def test_f_back(self):
         import sys
         from _continuation import continulet
         #
-        def g(c):
+        def bar(c):
             c.switch(sys._getframe(0))
             c.switch(sys._getframe(0).f_back)
             c.switch(sys._getframe(1))
             c.switch(sys._getframe(1).f_back)
-            assert sys._getframe(2) is f3.f_back
+            assert sys._getframe(2) is f3_foo.f_back
             c.switch(sys._getframe(2))
-        def f(c):
-            g(c)
+        def foo(c):
+            bar(c)
         #
-        c = continulet(f)
-        f1 = c.switch()
-        assert f1.f_code.co_name == 'g'
-        f2 = c.switch()
-        assert f2.f_code.co_name == 'f'
-        f3 = c.switch()
-        assert f3 is f2
-        assert f1.f_back is f3
+        c = continulet(foo)
+        f1_bar = c.switch()
+        assert f1_bar.f_code.co_name == 'bar'
+        f2_foo = c.switch()
+        assert f2_foo.f_code.co_name == 'foo'
+        f3_foo = c.switch()
+        assert f3_foo is f2_foo
+        assert f1_bar.f_back is f3_foo
         def main():
-            f4 = c.switch()
-            assert f4.f_code.co_name == 'main', repr(f4.f_code.co_name)
-            assert f3.f_back is f1    # not running, so a loop
+            f4_main = c.switch()
+            assert f4_main.f_code.co_name == 'main'
+            assert f3_foo.f_back is f1_bar    # not running, so a loop
         def main2():
-            f5 = c.switch()
-            assert f5.f_code.co_name == 'main2', repr(f5.f_code.co_name)
-            assert f3.f_back is f1    # not running, so a loop
+            f5_main2 = c.switch()
+            assert f5_main2.f_code.co_name == 'main2'
+            assert f3_foo.f_back is f1_bar    # not running, so a loop
         main()
         main2()
         res = c.switch()
         assert res is None
-        assert f3.f_back is None
+        assert f3_foo.f_back is None
 
     def test_traceback_is_complete(self):
         import sys
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py
@@ -582,6 +582,7 @@
     'PyComplex_AsCComplex', 'PyComplex_FromCComplex',
 
     'PyObject_AsReadBuffer', 'PyObject_AsWriteBuffer', 
'PyObject_CheckReadBuffer',
+    'PyBuffer_GetPointer', 'PyBuffer_ToContiguous', 'PyBuffer_FromContiguous',
 
     'PyImport_ImportModuleLevel',
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/dictobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/dictobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/dictobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/dictobject.py
@@ -274,7 +274,10 @@
     if pos == 0:
         # Store the current keys in the PyDictObject.
         decref(space, py_dict.c__tmpkeys)
-        w_keys = space.call_method(space.w_dict, "keys", w_dict)
+        w_keyview = space.call_method(space.w_dict, "keys", w_dict)
+        # w_keys must use the object strategy in order to keep the keys alive
+        w_keys = space.newlist(space.listview(w_keyview))
+        w_keys.switch_to_object_strategy()
         py_dict.c__tmpkeys = create_ref(space, w_keys)
         Py_IncRef(space, py_dict.c__tmpkeys)
     else:
@@ -287,10 +290,10 @@
         decref(space, py_dict.c__tmpkeys)
         py_dict.c__tmpkeys = lltype.nullptr(PyObject.TO)
         return 0
-    w_key = space.listview(w_keys)[pos]
+    w_key = space.listview(w_keys)[pos]  # fast iff w_keys uses object strat
     w_value = space.getitem(w_dict, w_key)
     if pkey:
-        pkey[0]   = as_pyobj(space, w_key)
+        pkey[0] = as_pyobj(space, w_key)
     if pvalue:
         pvalue[0] = as_pyobj(space, w_value)
     return 1
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/include/object.h 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/include/object.h
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/include/object.h
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/include/object.h
@@ -308,6 +308,31 @@
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsReadBuffer(PyObject *, const void **, Py_ssize_t *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(PyObject *, void **, Py_ssize_t *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CheckReadBuffer(PyObject *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyBuffer_GetPointer(Py_buffer *view, Py_ssize_t *indices);
+/* Get the memory area pointed to by the indices for the buffer given.
+   Note that view->ndim is the assumed size of indices
+*/
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_ToContiguous(void *buf, Py_buffer *view,
+                                   Py_ssize_t len, char fort);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_FromContiguous(Py_buffer *view, void *buf,
+                                     Py_ssize_t len, char fort);
+/* Copy len bytes of data from the contiguous chunk of memory
+   pointed to by buf into the buffer exported by obj.  Return
+   0 on success and return -1 and raise a PyBuffer_Error on
+   error (i.e. the object does not have a buffer interface or
+   it is not working).
+
+   If fort is 'F' and the object is multi-dimensional,
+   then the data will be copied into the array in
+   Fortran-style (first dimension varies the fastest).  If
+   fort is 'C', then the data will be copied into the array
+   in C-style (last dimension varies the fastest).  If fort
+   is 'A', then it does not matter and the copy will be made
+   in whatever way is more efficient.
+
+*/
+
 
 #define PyObject_MALLOC         PyObject_Malloc
 #define PyObject_REALLOC        PyObject_Realloc
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/pyobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/pyobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/pyobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/pyobject.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import keepalive_until_here
 from rpython.rtyper.annlowlevel import llhelper
 from rpython.rlib import rawrefcount, jit
-from rpython.rlib.debug import fatalerror
+from rpython.rlib.debug import ll_assert, fatalerror
 
 
 #________________________________________________________
@@ -243,6 +243,11 @@
         py_obj = rawrefcount.from_obj(PyObject, w_obj)
         if not py_obj:
             py_obj = create_ref(space, w_obj, w_userdata, immortal=immortal)
+        #
+        # Try to crash here, instead of randomly, if we don't keep w_obj alive
+        ll_assert(py_obj.c_ob_refcnt >= rawrefcount.REFCNT_FROM_PYPY,
+                  "Bug in cpyext: The W_Root object was garbage-collected "
+                  "while being converted to PyObject.")
         return py_obj
     else:
         return lltype.nullptr(PyObject.TO)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     ssizessizeargfunc, ssizeobjargproc, iternextfunc, initproc, richcmpfunc,
     cmpfunc, hashfunc, descrgetfunc, descrsetfunc, objobjproc, objobjargproc,
     getbufferproc, ssizessizeobjargproc)
-from pypy.module.cpyext.pyobject import make_ref, decref, from_ref
+from pypy.module.cpyext.pyobject import make_ref, from_ref, as_pyobj
 from pypy.module.cpyext.pyerrors import PyErr_Occurred
 from pypy.module.cpyext.memoryobject import fill_Py_buffer
 from pypy.module.cpyext.state import State
@@ -90,20 +90,21 @@
     args_w = space.fixedview(w_args)
     return generic_cpy_call(space, func_binary, w_self, args_w[0])
 
+def _get_ob_type(space, w_obj):
+    # please ensure that w_obj stays alive
+    ob_type = as_pyobj(space, space.type(w_obj))
+    return rffi.cast(PyTypeObjectPtr, ob_type)
+
 def wrap_binaryfunc_l(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_binary = rffi.cast(binaryfunc, func)
     check_num_args(space, w_args, 1)
     args_w = space.fixedview(w_args)
-    ref = make_ref(space, w_self)
-    decref(space, ref)
     return generic_cpy_call(space, func_binary, w_self, args_w[0])
 
 def wrap_binaryfunc_r(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_binary = rffi.cast(binaryfunc, func)
     check_num_args(space, w_args, 1)
     args_w = space.fixedview(w_args)
-    ref = make_ref(space, w_self)
-    decref(space, ref)
     return generic_cpy_call(space, func_binary, args_w[0], w_self)
 
 def wrap_ternaryfunc(space, w_self, w_args, func):
@@ -121,8 +122,6 @@
     func_ternary = rffi.cast(ternaryfunc, func)
     check_num_argsv(space, w_args, 1, 2)
     args_w = space.fixedview(w_args)
-    ref = make_ref(space, w_self)
-    decref(space, ref)
     arg3 = space.w_None
     if len(args_w) > 1:
         arg3 = args_w[1]
@@ -314,12 +313,10 @@
 
 def wrap_getreadbuffer(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(readbufferproc, func)
-    py_obj = make_ref(space, w_self)
-    py_type = py_obj.c_ob_type
+    py_type = _get_ob_type(space, w_self)
     rbp = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, 0)
     if py_type.c_tp_as_buffer:
         rbp = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, py_type.c_tp_as_buffer.c_bf_releasebuffer)
-    decref(space, py_obj)
     with lltype.scoped_alloc(rffi.VOIDPP.TO, 1) as ptr:
         index = rffi.cast(Py_ssize_t, 0)
         size = generic_cpy_call(space, func_target, w_self, index, ptr)
@@ -332,9 +329,7 @@
 
 def wrap_getwritebuffer(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(readbufferproc, func)
-    py_obj = make_ref(space, w_self)
-    py_type = py_obj.c_ob_type
-    decref(space, py_obj)
+    py_type = _get_ob_type(space, w_self)
     rbp = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, 0)
     if py_type.c_tp_as_buffer:
         rbp = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, py_type.c_tp_as_buffer.c_bf_releasebuffer)
@@ -350,12 +345,10 @@
 
 def wrap_getbuffer(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(getbufferproc, func)
-    py_obj = make_ref(space, w_self)
-    py_type = py_obj.c_ob_type
+    py_type = _get_ob_type(space, w_self)
     rbp = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, 0)
     if py_type.c_tp_as_buffer:
         rbp = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, py_type.c_tp_as_buffer.c_bf_releasebuffer)
-    decref(space, py_obj)
     with lltype.scoped_alloc(Py_buffer) as pybuf:
         _flags = 0
         if space.len_w(w_args) > 0:
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/src/abstract.c 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/src/abstract.c
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/src/abstract.c
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/src/abstract.c
@@ -96,6 +96,163 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+void*
+PyBuffer_GetPointer(Py_buffer *view, Py_ssize_t *indices)
+{
+    char* pointer;
+    int i;
+    pointer = (char *)view->buf;
+    for (i = 0; i < view->ndim; i++) {
+        pointer += view->strides[i]*indices[i];
+        if ((view->suboffsets != NULL) && (view->suboffsets[i] >= 0)) {
+            pointer = *((char**)pointer) + view->suboffsets[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return (void*)pointer;
+}
+
+void
+_Py_add_one_to_index_F(int nd, Py_ssize_t *index, const Py_ssize_t *shape)
+{
+    int k;
+
+    for (k=0; k<nd; k++) {
+        if (index[k] < shape[k]-1) {
+            index[k]++;
+            break;
+        }
+        else {
+            index[k] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+_Py_add_one_to_index_C(int nd, Py_ssize_t *index, const Py_ssize_t *shape)
+{
+    int k;
+
+    for (k=nd-1; k>=0; k--) {
+        if (index[k] < shape[k]-1) {
+            index[k]++;
+            break;
+        }
+        else {
+            index[k] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+  /* view is not checked for consistency in either of these.  It is
+     assumed that the size of the buffer is view->len in
+     view->len / view->itemsize elements.
+  */
+
+int
+PyBuffer_ToContiguous(void *buf, Py_buffer *view, Py_ssize_t len, char fort)
+{
+    int k;
+    void (*addone)(int, Py_ssize_t *, const Py_ssize_t *);
+    Py_ssize_t *indices, elements;
+    char *dest, *ptr;
+
+    if (len > view->len) {
+        len = view->len;
+    }
+
+    if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, fort)) {
+        /* simplest copy is all that is needed */
+        memcpy(buf, view->buf, len);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Otherwise a more elaborate scheme is needed */
+
+    /* view->ndim <= 64 */
+    indices = (Py_ssize_t *)PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(Py_ssize_t)*(view->ndim));
+    if (indices == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return -1;
+    }
+    for (k=0; k<view->ndim;k++) {
+        indices[k] = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (fort == 'F') {
+        addone = _Py_add_one_to_index_F;
+    }
+    else {
+        addone = _Py_add_one_to_index_C;
+    }
+    dest = buf;
+    /* XXX : This is not going to be the fastest code in the world
+             several optimizations are possible.
+     */
+    elements = len / view->itemsize;
+    while (elements--) {
+        ptr = PyBuffer_GetPointer(view, indices);
+        memcpy(dest, ptr, view->itemsize);
+        dest += view->itemsize;
+        addone(view->ndim, indices, view->shape);
+    }
+    PyMem_Free(indices);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int
+PyBuffer_FromContiguous(Py_buffer *view, void *buf, Py_ssize_t len, char fort)
+{
+    int k;
+    void (*addone)(int, Py_ssize_t *, const Py_ssize_t *);
+    Py_ssize_t *indices, elements;
+    char *src, *ptr;
+
+    if (len > view->len) {
+        len = view->len;
+    }
+
+    if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, fort)) {
+        /* simplest copy is all that is needed */
+        memcpy(view->buf, buf, len);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Otherwise a more elaborate scheme is needed */
+
+    /* view->ndim <= 64 */
+    indices = (Py_ssize_t *)PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(Py_ssize_t)*(view->ndim));
+    if (indices == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return -1;
+    }
+    for (k=0; k<view->ndim;k++) {
+        indices[k] = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (fort == 'F') {
+        addone = _Py_add_one_to_index_F;
+    }
+    else {
+        addone = _Py_add_one_to_index_C;
+    }
+    src = buf;
+    /* XXX : This is not going to be the fastest code in the world
+             several optimizations are possible.
+     */
+    elements = len / view->itemsize;
+    while (elements--) {
+        ptr = PyBuffer_GetPointer(view, indices);
+        memcpy(ptr, src, view->itemsize);
+        src += view->itemsize;
+        addone(view->ndim, indices, view->shape);
+    }
+
+    PyMem_Free(indices);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+
 /* Buffer C-API for Python 3.0 */
 
 int
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_memoryobject.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_memoryobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_memoryobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_memoryobject.py
@@ -137,7 +137,36 @@
                 view = PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(memoryview);
                 Py_DECREF(memoryview);
                 return PyLong_FromLong(view->len / view->itemsize);
-            """)])
+            """),
+            ("test_contiguous", "METH_O",
+             """
+                Py_buffer* view;
+                PyObject * memoryview;
+                void * buf = NULL;
+                int ret;
+                Py_ssize_t len;
+                memoryview = PyMemoryView_FromObject(args);
+                if (memoryview == NULL)
+                    return NULL;
+                view = PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(memoryview);
+                Py_DECREF(memoryview);
+                len = view->len;
+                if (len == 0)
+                    return NULL;
+                buf = malloc(len);
+                ret = PyBuffer_ToContiguous(buf, view, view->len, 'A');
+                if (ret != 0)
+                {
+                    free(buf);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                ret = PyBuffer_FromContiguous(view, buf, view->len, 'A');
+                free(buf);
+                if (ret != 0)
+                    return NULL;
+                 Py_RETURN_NONE;
+             """),
+            ])
         module = self.import_module(name='buffer_test')
         arr = module.PyMyArray(10)
         ten = foo.get_len(arr)
@@ -146,6 +175,7 @@
         assert ten == 10
         ten = foo.test_buffer(arr)
         assert ten == 10
+        foo.test_contiguous(arr)
 
     def test_releasebuffer(self):
         module = self.import_extension('foo', [
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
@@ -337,12 +337,8 @@
                 PyObject* name = PyBytes_FromString("mymodule");
                 PyObject *obj = PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
                 PyHeapTypeObject *type = (PyHeapTypeObject*)obj;
-                if ((type->ht_type.tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) == 0)
-                {
-                    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                                    "Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE not set");
-                    return NULL;
-                }
+                /* this is issue #2434: logic from pybind11 */
+                type->ht_type.tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
                 type->ht_type.tp_name = ((PyTypeObject*)args)->tp_name;
                 PyType_Ready(&type->ht_type);
                 ret = PyObject_SetAttrString((PyObject*)&type->ht_type,
diff --git a/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py 
b/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py
--- a/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py
+++ b/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py
@@ -601,25 +601,15 @@
         import pkg.a, imp
         imp.reload(pkg.a)
 
-    def test_reload_builtin(self):
-        import sys, imp
-        oldpath = sys.path
-        try:
-            del sys.settrace
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-
-        imp.reload(sys)
-
-        assert sys.path is oldpath
-        assert 'settrace' not in dir(sys)    # at least on CPython 3.5.2
-
     def test_reload_builtin_doesnt_clear(self):
         import imp
         import sys
         sys.foobar = "baz"
-        imp.reload(sys)
-        assert sys.foobar == "baz"
+        try:
+            imp.reload(sys)
+            assert sys.foobar == "baz"
+        finally:
+            del sys.foobar
 
     def test_reimport_builtin_simple_case_1(self):
         import sys, time
@@ -637,18 +627,18 @@
 
     def test_reimport_builtin(self):
         import imp, sys, time
-        oldpath = sys.path
-        time.tzname = "<test_reimport_builtin removed this>"
+        old_sleep = time.sleep
+        time.sleep = "<test_reimport_builtin removed this>"
 
         del sys.modules['time']
         import time as time1
         assert sys.modules['time'] is time1
 
-        assert time.tzname == "<test_reimport_builtin removed this>"
+        assert time.sleep == "<test_reimport_builtin removed this>"
 
-        imp.reload(time1)   # don't leave a broken time.tzname behind
+        imp.reload(time1)   # don't leave a broken time.sleep behind
         import time
-        assert time.tzname != "<test_reimport_builtin removed this>"
+        assert time.sleep is old_sleep
 
     def test_reload_infinite(self):
         import infinite_reload
diff --git a/pypy/module/posix/__init__.py b/pypy/module/posix/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/posix/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/posix/__init__.py
@@ -243,6 +243,9 @@
             if getattr(rposix, _name) is not None:
                 interpleveldefs[_name] = 'space.wrap(%d)' % getattr(rposix, 
_name)
 
+    if hasattr(rposix, 'sched_yield'):
+        interpleveldefs['sched_yield'] = 'interp_posix.sched_yield'
+        
     for _name in ["O_CLOEXEC"]:
         if getattr(rposix, _name) is not None:
             interpleveldefs[_name] = 'space.wrap(%d)' % getattr(rposix, _name)
diff --git a/pypy/module/posix/interp_posix.py 
b/pypy/module/posix/interp_posix.py
--- a/pypy/module/posix/interp_posix.py
+++ b/pypy/module/posix/interp_posix.py
@@ -2481,3 +2481,14 @@
             wrap_oserror(space, e, eintr_retry=True)
         else:
            return space.newint(s)
+
+def sched_yield(space):
+    """ Voluntarily relinquish the CPU"""
+    while True:
+        try:
+            res = rposix.sched_yield()
+        except OSError as e:
+            wrap_oserror(space, e, eintr_retry=True)
+        else:
+            return space.newint(res)
+>>>>>>> other
diff --git a/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py 
b/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py
--- a/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py
+++ b/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py
@@ -975,6 +975,12 @@
             assert isinstance(high, int) == True
             assert  high > low
 
+    if hasattr(rposix, 'sched_yield'):
+        def test_sched_yield(self):
+            os = self.posix
+            #Always suceeds on Linux
+            os.sched_yield() 
+
     def test_write_buffer(self):
         os = self.posix
         fd = os.open(self.path2 + 'test_write_buffer',
diff --git a/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py 
b/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py
--- a/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
                     w_encoding)
 
     if space.is_none(w_namespace_separator):
-        namespace_separator = 0
+        namespace_separator = -1
     elif space.isinstance_w(w_namespace_separator, space.w_text):
         separator = space.text_w(w_namespace_separator)
         if len(separator) == 0:
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@
     elif space.is_w(w_intern, space.w_None):
         w_intern = None
 
-    if namespace_separator:
+    if namespace_separator >= 0:
         xmlparser = XML_ParserCreateNS(
             encoding,
             rffi.cast(rffi.CHAR, namespace_separator))
diff --git a/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py 
b/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py
--- a/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@
                 p.CharacterDataHandler = lambda s: data.append(s)
                 encoding = encoding_arg is None and 'utf-8' or encoding_arg
 
-                res = p.Parse("<xml>\u00f6</xml>".encode(encoding), True)
+                res = p.Parse(u"<xml>\u00f6</xml>".encode(encoding), True)
                 assert res == 1
-                assert data == ["\u00f6"]
+                assert data == [u"\u00f6"]
 
     def test_get_handler(self):
         import pyexpat
@@ -210,6 +210,34 @@
             p.ParseFile(fake_reader)
             assert fake_reader.read_count == 4
 
+    def test_entities(self):
+        import pyexpat
+        parser = pyexpat.ParserCreate(None, "")
+
+        def startElement(tag, attrs):
+            assert tag == 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#RDF'
+            assert attrs == {
+                'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespacebase':
+                'http://www.semanticweb.org/jiba/ontologies/2017/0/test'}
+        parser.StartElementHandler = startElement
+        parser.Parse("""<?xml version="1.0"?>
+
+        <!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
+        <!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"; >
+        <!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"; >
+        <!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"; >
+        <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"; >
+        ]>
+
+        <rdf:RDF 
xmlns="http://www.semanticweb.org/jiba/ontologies/2017/0/test#";
+          xml:base="http://www.semanticweb.org/jiba/ontologies/2017/0/test";
+          xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#";
+          xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#";
+          xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#";
+          xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#";>
+        </rdf:RDF>
+        """, True)
+
 
     def test_exception(self):
         """
diff --git a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/cffi_tests/cffi0/test_version.py 
b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/cffi_tests/cffi0/test_version.py
--- a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/cffi_tests/cffi0/test_version.py
+++ b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/cffi_tests/cffi0/test_version.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     v = cffi.__version__.replace('+', '')
     p = os.path.join(parent, 'doc', 'source', 'installation.rst')
     content = open(p).read()
-    assert ("/cffi-%s.tar.gz" % v) in content
+    assert (" package version %s:" % v) in content
 
 def test_setup_version():
     parent = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(cffi.__file__))
diff --git a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_sqlite3.py 
b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_sqlite3.py
--- a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_sqlite3.py
+++ b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_sqlite3.py
@@ -228,6 +228,14 @@
         cur.execute("create table test(a)")
         cur.executemany("insert into test values (?)", [[1], [2], [3]])
         assert cur.lastrowid is None
+        # issue 2682
+        cur.execute('''insert
+                    into test 
+                    values (?)
+                    ''', (1, ))
+        assert cur.lastrowid is not None
+        cur.execute('''insert\t into test values (?) ''', (1, ))
+        assert cur.lastrowid is not None
 
     def test_authorizer_bad_value(self, con):
         def authorizer_cb(action, arg1, arg2, dbname, source):
diff --git a/pypy/module/unicodedata/test/test_hyp.py 
b/pypy/module/unicodedata/test/test_hyp.py
--- a/pypy/module/unicodedata/test/test_hyp.py
+++ b/pypy/module/unicodedata/test/test_hyp.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('NF1, NF2, NF3', compositions)
 @example(s=u'---\uafb8\u11a7---')  # issue 2289
+@example(s=u'\ufacf')
 @settings(max_examples=1000)
 @given(s=st.text())
 def test_composition(s, space, NF1, NF2, NF3):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_bytesobject.py 
b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_bytesobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_bytesobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_bytesobject.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # coding: utf-8
+
+from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
+
 class TestW_BytesObject:
 
     def teardown_method(self, method):
@@ -96,6 +99,78 @@
         w_res = space.call_function(space.w_bytes, space.wrap([42]))
         assert space.str_w(w_res) == '*'
 
+
+try:
+    from hypothesis import given, strategies
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    @given(u=strategies.binary(),
+           start=strategies.integers(min_value=0, max_value=10),
+           len1=strategies.integers(min_value=-1, max_value=10))
+    def test_hypo_index_find(u, start, len1, space):
+        if start + len1 < 0:
+            return   # skip this case
+        v = u[start : start + len1]
+        w_u = space.wrap(u)
+        w_v = space.wrap(v)
+        expected = u.find(v, start, start + len1)
+        try:
+            w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'index', w_v,
+                                        space.newint(start),
+                                        space.newint(start + len1))
+        except OperationError as e:
+            if not e.match(space, space.w_ValueError):
+                raise
+            assert expected == -1
+        else:
+            assert space.int_w(w_index) == expected >= 0
+
+        w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'find', w_v,
+                                    space.newint(start),
+                                    space.newint(start + len1))
+        assert space.int_w(w_index) == expected
+
+        rexpected = u.rfind(v, start, start + len1)
+        try:
+            w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'rindex', w_v,
+                                        space.newint(start),
+                                        space.newint(start + len1))
+        except OperationError as e:
+            if not e.match(space, space.w_ValueError):
+                raise
+            assert rexpected == -1
+        else:
+            assert space.int_w(w_index) == rexpected >= 0
+
+        w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'rfind', w_v,
+                                    space.newint(start),
+                                    space.newint(start + len1))
+        assert space.int_w(w_index) == rexpected
+
+        expected = u.startswith(v, start)
+        w_res = space.call_method(w_u, 'startswith', w_v,
+                                  space.newint(start))
+        assert w_res is space.newbool(expected)
+
+        expected = u.startswith(v, start, start + len1)
+        w_res = space.call_method(w_u, 'startswith', w_v,
+                                  space.newint(start),
+                                  space.newint(start + len1))
+        assert w_res is space.newbool(expected)
+
+        expected = u.endswith(v, start)
+        w_res = space.call_method(w_u, 'endswith', w_v,
+                                  space.newint(start))
+        assert w_res is space.newbool(expected)
+
+        expected = u.endswith(v, start, start + len1)
+        w_res = space.call_method(w_u, 'endswith', w_v,
+                                  space.newint(start),
+                                  space.newint(start + len1))
+        assert w_res is space.newbool(expected)
+
+
 class AppTestBytesObject:
 
     def setup_class(cls):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_unicodeobject.py 
b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_unicodeobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_unicodeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_unicodeobject.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
 import py
 import sys
+from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 
 
 class TestUnicodeObject:
@@ -38,6 +39,55 @@
         space.raises_w(space.w_UnicodeEncodeError, space.text_w, w_uni)
 
 
+try:
+    from hypothesis import given, strategies
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    @given(u=strategies.text(),
+           start=strategies.integers(min_value=0, max_value=10),
+           len1=strategies.integers(min_value=-1, max_value=10))
+    def test_hypo_index_find(u, start, len1, space):
+        if start + len1 < 0:
+            return   # skip this case
+        v = u[start : start + len1]
+        w_u = space.wrap(u)
+        w_v = space.wrap(v)
+        expected = u.find(v, start, start + len1)
+        try:
+            w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'index', w_v,
+                                        space.newint(start),
+                                        space.newint(start + len1))
+        except OperationError as e:
+            if not e.match(space, space.w_ValueError):
+                raise
+            assert expected == -1
+        else:
+            assert space.int_w(w_index) == expected >= 0
+
+        w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'find', w_v,
+                                    space.newint(start),
+                                    space.newint(start + len1))
+        assert space.int_w(w_index) == expected
+
+        rexpected = u.rfind(v, start, start + len1)
+        try:
+            w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'rindex', w_v,
+                                        space.newint(start),
+                                        space.newint(start + len1))
+        except OperationError as e:
+            if not e.match(space, space.w_ValueError):
+                raise
+            assert rexpected == -1
+        else:
+            assert space.int_w(w_index) == rexpected >= 0
+
+        w_index = space.call_method(w_u, 'rfind', w_v,
+                                    space.newint(start),
+                                    space.newint(start + len1))
+        assert space.int_w(w_index) == rexpected
+
+
 class AppTestUnicodeStringStdOnly:
     def test_compares(self):
         assert type('a') != type(b'a')
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/unicodeobject.py 
b/pypy/objspace/std/unicodeobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/unicodeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/unicodeobject.py
@@ -748,17 +748,6 @@
         interpreted as in slice notation.
         """
 
-    def decode():
-        """S.decode(encoding=None, errors='strict') -> string or unicode
-
-        Decode S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
-        to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
-        handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
-        a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
-        as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
-        able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
-        """
-
     def encode():
         """S.encode(encoding=None, errors='strict') -> string or unicode
 
diff --git a/pypy/tool/pytest/apptest.py b/pypy/tool/pytest/apptest.py
--- a/pypy/tool/pytest/apptest.py
+++ b/pypy/tool/pytest/apptest.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import app2interp_temp
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.interpreter.function import Method
-from rpython.tool import runsubprocess
+from rpython.tool.runsubprocess import run_subprocess
 from pypy.tool.pytest import appsupport
 from pypy.tool.pytest.objspace import gettestobjspace
 from rpython.tool.udir import udir
@@ -67,14 +67,10 @@
 def _rename_module(name):
     return str(RENAMED_USEMODULES.get(name, name))
 
-
-def run_with_python(python_, target_, usemodules, **definitions):
-    if python_ is None:
-        py.test.skip("Cannot find the default python3 interpreter to run with 
-A")
-    # we assume that the source of target_ is in utf-8. Unfortunately, we don't
-    # have any easy/standard way to determine from here the original encoding
-    # of the source file
-    helpers = r"""# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
+# we assume that the source of target_ is in utf-8. Unfortunately, we don't
+# have any easy/standard way to determine from here the original encoding
+# of the source file
+helpers = r"""# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
 if 1:
     import sys
     sys.path.append(%r)
@@ -90,7 +86,7 @@
         import os
         try:
             if isinstance(func, str):
-                if func.startswith((' ', os.linesep)):
+                if func.startswith((' ', os.linesep, '\n')):
                     # it's probably an indented block, so we prefix if True:
                     # to avoid SyntaxError
                     func = "if True:\n" + func
@@ -109,6 +105,10 @@
         pass
     self = Test()
 """
+
+def run_with_python(python_, target_, usemodules, **definitions):
+    if python_ is None:
+        py.test.skip("Cannot find the default python3 interpreter to run with 
-A")
     defs = []
     for symbol, value in sorted(definitions.items()):
         if isinstance(value, tuple) and isinstance(value[0], py.code.Source):
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
     helper_dir = os.path.join(pypydir, 'tool', 'cpyext')
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env['PYTHONPATH'] = helper_dir
-    res, stdout, stderr = runsubprocess.run_subprocess(
+    res, stdout, stderr = run_subprocess(
         python_, [str(pyfile)], env=env)
     print pyfile.read()
     print >> sys.stdout, stdout
diff --git a/pypy/tool/pytest/objspace.py b/pypy/tool/pytest/objspace.py
--- a/pypy/tool/pytest/objspace.py
+++ b/pypy/tool/pytest/objspace.py
@@ -57,9 +57,6 @@
                         if not ok:
                             py.test.skip("cannot runappdirect test: "
                                          "module %r required" % (modname,))
-                else:
-                    if '__pypy__' in value:
-                        py.test.skip("no module __pypy__ on top of CPython")
                 continue
             if info is None:
                 py.test.skip("cannot runappdirect this test on top of CPython")
diff --git a/rpython/doc/jit/optimizer.rst b/rpython/doc/jit/optimizer.rst
--- a/rpython/doc/jit/optimizer.rst
+++ b/rpython/doc/jit/optimizer.rst
@@ -42,10 +42,9 @@
 There are better ways to compute the sum from ``[0..100]``, but it gives a 
better intuition on how
 traces are constructed than ``sum(range(101))``.
 Note that the trace syntax is the one used in the test suite. It is also very
-similar to traces printed at runtime by PYPYLOG_. The first line gives the 
input variables, the
-second line is a ``label`` operation, the last one is the backwards ``jump`` 
operation.
-
-.. _PYPYLOG: logging.html
+similar to traces printed at runtime by :doc:`PYPYLOG <../logging>`. The first
+line gives the input variables, the second line is a ``label`` operation, the
+last one is the backwards ``jump`` operation.
 
 These instructions mentioned earlier are special:
 
diff --git a/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/intbounds.py 
b/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/intbounds.py
--- a/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/intbounds.py
+++ b/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/intbounds.py
@@ -305,6 +305,10 @@
             # Transform into INT_ADD.  The following guard will be killed
             # by optimize_GUARD_NO_OVERFLOW; if we see instead an
             # optimize_GUARD_OVERFLOW, then InvalidLoop.
+
+            # NB: this case also takes care of int_add_ovf with 0 as on of the
+            # arguments: the result will be bounded, and then the optimization
+            # for int_add with 0 as argument will remove the op.
             op = self.replace_op_with(op, rop.INT_ADD)
         return self.emit(op)
 
@@ -325,6 +329,7 @@
             return None
         resbound = b0.sub_bound(b1)
         if resbound.bounded():
+            # this case takes care of int_sub_ovf(x, 0) as well
             op = self.replace_op_with(op, rop.INT_SUB)
         return self.emit(op)
 
@@ -342,6 +347,7 @@
         b2 = self.getintbound(op.getarg(1))
         resbound = b1.mul_bound(b2)
         if resbound.bounded():
+            # this case also takes care of multiplication with 0 and 1
             op = self.replace_op_with(op, rop.INT_MUL)
         return self.emit(op)
 
diff --git a/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py 
b/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py
--- a/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py
+++ b/rpython/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py
@@ -1962,6 +1962,55 @@
         """
         self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
 
+        ops = """
+        [i0]
+        i1 = int_mul_ovf(0, i0)
+        guard_no_overflow() []
+        jump(i1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [i0]
+        jump(0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
+        ops = """
+        [i0]
+        i1 = int_mul_ovf(i0, 0)
+        guard_no_overflow() []
+        jump(i1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [i0]
+        jump(0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
+        ops = """
+        [i0]
+        i1 = int_mul_ovf(1, i0)
+        guard_no_overflow() []
+        jump(i1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [i0]
+        jump(i0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
+        ops = """
+        [i0]
+        i1 = int_mul_ovf(i0, 1)
+        guard_no_overflow() []
+        jump(i1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [i0]
+        jump(i0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
+
     def test_fold_constant_partial_ops_float(self):
         ops = """
         [f0]
diff --git a/rpython/rlib/rposix.py b/rpython/rlib/rposix.py
--- a/rpython/rlib/rposix.py
+++ b/rpython/rlib/rposix.py
@@ -1863,6 +1863,8 @@
                               rffi.INT, save_err=rffi.RFFI_FULL_ERRNO_ZERO)
     c_sched_get_priority_min = external('sched_get_priority_min', [rffi.INT],
                              rffi.INT, save_err=rffi.RFFI_SAVE_ERRNO)
+    if not _WIN32:
+        c_sched_yield = external('sched_yield', [], rffi.INT)
 
     @enforceargs(int)
     def sched_get_priority_max(policy):
@@ -1872,9 +1874,9 @@
     def sched_get_priority_min(policy):
         return handle_posix_error('sched_get_priority_min', 
c_sched_get_priority_min(policy))
 
-
-
-
+    def sched_yield():
+        return handle_posix_error('sched_yield', c_sched_yield())
+        
 #___________________________________________________________________
 
 c_chroot = external('chroot', [rffi.CCHARP], rffi.INT,
diff --git a/rpython/rlib/runicode.py b/rpython/rlib/runicode.py
--- a/rpython/rlib/runicode.py
+++ b/rpython/rlib/runicode.py
@@ -877,32 +877,31 @@
         ch = ord(s[pos])
         pos += 1
         ch2 = 0
-        if 0xD800 <= ch < 0xDC00:
-            if not allow_surrogates:
-                ru, rs, pos = errorhandler(errors, public_encoding_name,
-                                           'surrogates not allowed',
-                                           s, pos-1, pos)
-                if rs is not None:
-                    # py3k only
-                    if len(rs) % 4 != 0:
-                        errorhandler('strict', public_encoding_name,
-                                     'surrogates not allowed',
-                                     s, pos-1, pos)
-                    result.append(rs)
-                    continue
-                for ch in ru:
-                    if ord(ch) < 0xD800:
-                        _STORECHAR32(result, ord(ch), byteorder)
-                    else:
-                        errorhandler('strict', public_encoding_name,
-                                     'surrogates not allowed',
-                                     s, pos-1, pos)
+        if not allow_surrogates and 0xD800 <= ch < 0xE000:
+            ru, rs, pos = errorhandler(errors, public_encoding_name,
+                                        'surrogates not allowed',
+                                        s, pos-1, pos)
+            if rs is not None:
+                # py3k only
+                if len(rs) % 4 != 0:
+                    errorhandler('strict', public_encoding_name,
+                                    'surrogates not allowed',
+                                    s, pos-1, pos)
+                result.append(rs)
                 continue
-            elif MAXUNICODE < 65536 and pos < size:
-                ch2 = ord(s[pos])
-                if 0xDC00 <= ch2 < 0xE000:
-                    ch = (((ch & 0x3FF)<<10) | (ch2 & 0x3FF)) + 0x10000;
-                    pos += 1
+            for ch in ru:
+                if ord(ch) < 0xD800:
+                    _STORECHAR32(result, ord(ch), byteorder)
+                else:
+                    errorhandler('strict', public_encoding_name,
+                                    'surrogates not allowed',
+                                    s, pos-1, pos)
+            continue
+        if 0xD800 <= ch < 0xDC00 and MAXUNICODE < 65536 and pos < size:
+            ch2 = ord(s[pos])
+            if 0xDC00 <= ch2 < 0xE000:
+                ch = (((ch & 0x3FF)<<10) | (ch2 & 0x3FF)) + 0x10000;
+                pos += 1
         _STORECHAR32(result, ch, byteorder)
 
     return result.build()
diff --git a/rpython/rlib/test/test_rposix.py b/rpython/rlib/test/test_rposix.py
--- a/rpython/rlib/test/test_rposix.py
+++ b/rpython/rlib/test/test_rposix.py
@@ -810,6 +810,11 @@
     assert isinstance(low, int) == True
     assert isinstance(high, int) == True
     assert  high > low
+    
+@rposix_requires('sched_yield')
+def test_sched_yield():
+    if sys.platform != 'win32':
+        rposix.sched_yield()
 
 @rposix_requires('lockf')
 def test_os_lockf():
diff --git a/rpython/rlib/test/test_runicode.py 
b/rpython/rlib/test/test_runicode.py
--- a/rpython/rlib/test/test_runicode.py
+++ b/rpython/rlib/test/test_runicode.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import py
 import sys, random
+import struct
 from rpython.rlib import runicode
 
 from hypothesis import given, settings, strategies
@@ -266,11 +267,12 @@
         assert replace_with(u'rep', None) == '\x00<\x00r\x00e\x00p\x00>'
         assert replace_with(None, '\xca\xfe') == '\x00<\xca\xfe\x00>'
 
-    def test_utf32_surrogates(self):
+    @py.test.mark.parametrize('unich',[u"\ud800", u"\udc80"])
+    def test_utf32_surrogates(self, unich):
         assert runicode.unicode_encode_utf_32_be(
-            u"\ud800", 1, None) == '\x00\x00\xd8\x00'
+            unich, 1, None) == struct.pack('>i', ord(unich))
         py.test.raises(UnicodeEncodeError, runicode.unicode_encode_utf_32_be,
-                       u"\ud800", 1, None, allow_surrogates=False)
+                       unich, 1, None, allow_surrogates=False)
         def replace_with(ru, rs):
             def errorhandler(errors, enc, msg, u, startingpos, endingpos):
                 if errors == 'strict':
@@ -278,7 +280,7 @@
                                              endingpos, msg)
                 return ru, rs, endingpos
             return runicode.unicode_encode_utf_32_be(
-                u"<\ud800>", 3, None,
+                u"<%s>" % unich, 3, None,
                 errorhandler, allow_surrogates=False)
         assert replace_with(u'rep', None) == u'<rep>'.encode('utf-32-be')
         assert replace_with(None, '\xca\xfe\xca\xfe') == 
'\x00\x00\x00<\xca\xfe\xca\xfe\x00\x00\x00>'
@@ -432,7 +434,7 @@
             assert (self.decoder('aaaa' + seq + 'bbbb', len(seq) + 8, 'ignore',
                         final=True) == (u'aaaabbbb', len(seq) + 8))
             assert (self.decoder(seq, len(seq), 'custom', final=True,
-                        errorhandler=self.custom_replace) == 
+                        errorhandler=self.custom_replace) ==
                         (FOO * len(seq), len(seq)))
             assert (self.decoder('aaaa' + seq + 'bbbb', len(seq) + 8, 'custom',
                         final=True, errorhandler=self.custom_replace) ==
@@ -628,7 +630,7 @@
                                   msg='invalid continuation byte')
             assert self.decoder(seq, len(seq), 'replace', final=True
                                 ) == (res, len(seq))
-            assert (self.decoder('aaaa' + seq + 'bbbb', len(seq) + 8, 
+            assert (self.decoder('aaaa' + seq + 'bbbb', len(seq) + 8,
                                  'replace', final=True) ==
                         (u'aaaa' + res + u'bbbb', len(seq) + 8))
             res = res.replace(FFFD, u'')
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