Glyph Lefkowitz added the comment:

XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not generally set to anything; the default of ~/.config is 
usually fine. However, the point is that you _can_ set it to point at a 
different location.  The relevant specification is here:

http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

The biggest reason I strongly believe we should follow a specification is that 
Python is not the only software on the system.  If I am an ops person that has 
to deal with Python and Ruby and Java and C software all the time, *any* 
consistency is a big help.  We don't have to follow *this* specification, but 
we should follow *some* specification (although this specific one looks like a 
good one to me).  The Python community has no special expertise deciding on 
locations for configuration files, and so we should not be trying to invent a 
new and better place for them.

There are other advantages to following the XDG spec.  If we follow it 
correctly (and not, like Barry suggested, start adding random other directories 
like ~/.python), users can easily switch between configuration environments by 
switching the XDG environment variables (both XDG_CONFIG_DIRS and 
XDG_CONFIG_HOME), which would be a handy way of ignoring both user-specified 
config files _and_ system-specified ones, to get a pristine virtualenv-like 
separation between different config files.

Given that they are going to need to set these env vars anyway to redirect 
spec-compliant libraries that their application may be using, it would be nice 
to just have _one_ set of meta-configuration variables rather than one for 
Python and one for C and one for Ruby and so on.  Consider the fact that 
distutils respects "CFLAGS", and did not feel the need to invent 
"DISTUTILS_FLAGS_FOR_THE_C_COMPILER".

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<http://bugs.python.org/issue7175>
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