Vedran Čačić added the comment:
Yes, they are obviously not equivalent if you execute
object = int
before that. :-D
And (like I said) "received wisdom" is also that "except:" is equivalent to
"except BaseException:", but of course it isn't equivalent if you execute
BaseException = NameError
before.
Rebinding the names for fundamental objects in Python doesn't change the
semantics of these objects. Python interpreter is an external thing: it doesn't
exist "in-universe". It doesn't refer to these objects by names in some
currently-executing-Python-instance namespace, it refers to them externally.
And, mostly, so do we when explaining how Python works.
Let me give you an analogy: In the old days, you could rebind True and False,
for example by saying
True, False = False, True
But of course, you would trivially understand that after such rebinding,
if 6 > 4:
print(1)
else:
print(2)
would print 1, not 2. Although we might say "(6>4) is True" while giving the
semantics of "if" statement, we _don't_ mean "the object referred by the
internal name 'True'". We mean the object _externally_ referred by the name
'True'.
Same as with your "hierarchy question": if you _give_ the explicit list of
bases, you give it as a list of names. Those names can be rebound and if the
class definition is executed in such a changed namespace, the bases will
differ. But you can't rebind anything if you haven't given any explicit base
names in the first place. It doesn't matter whether a class is "at the top" or
somewhere else; it matters whether its name is explicitly given.
An illustration: Let's say you have executed
class A: pass
class B(A): pass
so now A refers to some class, and B refers to another class, inherited from A.
If you now execute
class C(B): pass # *
you will have a new class C, inherited from B. Of course, if you now change B
somehow, and then execute (*) again, you will have another class C, inherited
from changed B - because (*) refers to B explicitly. But if you change _A_
somehow, and then execute (*) again, you will have C inherited from the same
old B - because (*) doesn't refer to A explicitly. As you see, it doesn't
matter whether A is "on the top" (in fact object is on the top, above A), what
matters is whether the statement (*) that you re-execute in the changed
namespace refers to it by name or not.
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<http://bugs.python.org/issue31283>
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