New submission from Mark Dickinson <dicki...@gmail.com>:

Complex power, both via `**` and the built-in `pow`, and via `cmath.pow`, is 
currently a bit of a mess when it comes to special-case handling - particularly 
handling of signed zeros, infinities, NaNs, and overflow.

At some point it would be nice to rationalise and document the special-case 
handling, as far as possible, and to make the behaviour of `**` and `pow` 
consistent with that of `cmath.pow`. Note that while for all the other cmath 
functions we have good guidance from the C standards on how special cases 
should be handled, for pow we're on our own - the C standard refuses to specify 
anything at all about special case handling.

Note also that there are a *lot* of special cases to consider. We have four 
real input parameters (the real and imaginary parts of each of the base and the 
exponent), each of which can be one of the 7 cases nan, -inf, -finite, -0.0, 
0.0, finite, inf, for a total of 7**4 = 2401 combinations; moreover, for some 
cases we might need to distinguish integral from non-integral values, and even 
integers from odd integers.

This is low priority - in many years of mathematical, scientific and numeric 
work, I've seen little evidence that anyone actually cares about or uses 
general complex power. Most users are interested in one or more subcases, like:

- positive real base and complex exponent
- complex base and integral exponent
- complex nth root for positive integers n, especially for small n (square 
root, cube root, ...)

So a possibly more manageable and more useful subtask would be to ensure that 
special cases are handled in a sensible manner for these subcases.

----------
messages: 400025
nosy: mark.dickinson
priority: low
severity: normal
status: open
title: Re-examine complex pow special case handling
versions: Python 3.11

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<https://bugs.python.org/issue44970>
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