[Python-checkins] gh-130317: Fix strict aliasing in PyFloat_Pack8() (#133150)

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https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/02cd6d709709e28c7a8fa62ce3620ea000b524d3
commit: 02cd6d709709e28c7a8fa62ce3620ea000b524d3
branch: main
author: Victor Stinner <vstin...@python.org>
committer: vstinner <vstin...@python.org>
date: 2025-04-29T14:27:50Z
summary:

gh-130317: Fix strict aliasing in PyFloat_Pack8() (#133150)

* Fix strict aliasing in PyFloat_Pack8() and PyFloat_Pack4().
* Fix _testcapi.float_set_snan() on x86 (32-bit).

files:
M Modules/_testcapi/float.c
M Objects/floatobject.c

diff --git a/Modules/_testcapi/float.c b/Modules/_testcapi/float.c
index 2feeb205d8a376..007884bc1f9da3 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapi/float.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapi/float.c
@@ -182,8 +182,11 @@ _testcapi_float_set_snan(PyObject *module, PyObject *obj)
     uint64_t v;
     memcpy(&v, &d, 8);
     v &= ~(1ULL << 51); /* make sNaN */
-    memcpy(&d, &v, 8);
-    return PyFloat_FromDouble(d);
+
+    // gh-130317: memcpy() is needed to preserve the sNaN flag on x86 (32-bit)
+    PyObject *res = PyFloat_FromDouble(0.0);
+    memcpy(&((PyFloatObject *)res)->ob_fval, &v, 8);
+    return res;
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
diff --git a/Objects/floatobject.c b/Objects/floatobject.c
index e0a8f0c62d4951..76ed24d29fd25c 100644
--- a/Objects/floatobject.c
+++ b/Objects/floatobject.c
@@ -2197,12 +2197,10 @@ PyFloat_Pack4(double x, char *data, int le)
 
             memcpy(&v, &x, 8);
             if ((v & (1ULL << 51)) == 0) {
-                union float_val {
-                    float f;
-                    uint32_t u32;
-                } *py = (union float_val *)&y;
-
-                py->u32 &= ~(1 << 22); /* make sNaN */
+                uint32_t u32;
+                memcpy(&u32, &y, 4);
+                u32 &= ~(1 << 22); /* make sNaN */
+                memcpy(&y, &u32, 4);
             }
         }
 
@@ -2340,7 +2338,9 @@ PyFloat_Pack8(double x, char *data, int le)
         return -1;
     }
     else {
-        const unsigned char *s = (unsigned char*)&x;
+        unsigned char as_bytes[8];
+        memcpy(as_bytes, &x, 8);
+        const unsigned char *s = as_bytes;
         int i, incr = 1;
 
         if ((double_format == ieee_little_endian_format && !le)

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