On Tue, 31 Mar 2009 21:17:29 -0700, tunpishuang wrote:
> hey guys , i'm new in python ...here i got a little problem that get me
> confused...
> i wanna do an uthentication of an login page , here is the example from
> the python lib ref. :
>
>>>> import urllib.request
>>>> import urllib.parse
>>>> params = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0}) f
>>>> = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query?%s"; %
>>>> params) print(f.read())
>
> i wanted to know what the the return value of f ,,if it's an instance of
> http.client.HTTPResponse
> and why the return source of the web page is quote like this :
>
> b'<html></html>'
Looks like you are using Python 3.0.
In Python 2.x, the native string type is bytes (commonly called "ASCII").
So a string of bytes is displayed like this:
'abcdef...'
and a string of Unicode characters is displayed like this:
u'abcdef...'
In Python 3.0, the native string type is unicode, but HTTP responses are
bytes. Bytes are displayed like this:
b'abcdef...'
and strings of characters like this:
'abcdef...'
Notice that the B on the outside of the quotes is not part of the string,
it is part of the display format, just like the quotes themselves.
You can convert the bytes into a string by just called str() on the
output:
# untested
>>> print(str(f.read()))
'<html></html>'
This should work for the simple case, although once you start getting
more complicated strings, with international (non-English) characters,
you will need to supply an encoding.
Does this help?
--
Steven
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