On Tue, 23 Apr 2024 at 11:23, Alexandra Diupina <adiup...@astralinux.ru> wrote: > 17/04/24 13:05, Konrad, Frederic пишет: > > Peter Maydell wrote: > >> Also, this device looks like it has a host-endianness bug: the > >> DPDMADescriptor struct is read directly from guest memory in > >> dma_memory_read(), but the device never does anything to swap > >> the fields from guest memory order to host memory order. So > >> this is likely broken on big-endian hosts.
> hw/dma/xlnx_dpdma.c defines a dma_ops structure > with the endianness field set to DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN. > Doesn't this guarantee that there will be no endian errors? The endianness on a MemoryRegionOps struct tells the memory core how to handle guest accesses to the *registers* that struct is for. So if the .endianness is DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN and the guest is big-endian, the memory core will byteswap the data values. That means that the read and write functions always take and return "value" arguments which are what you expect (i.e. the guest wrote 0x12345678 and the write fn value argument is 0x12345678). However, if a device does direct accesses to guest *memory* (like a DMA-capable device will do), that is something it has to handle the endianness for itself. (The device's manual should say what way round it does memory loads.) There are two basic ways a device can do guest memory access: (1) we provide functions which say "load from guest memory a value of this type with this endianness"; for instance ldq_le_dma() will load a 64-bit little-endian value into a host C uint64_t, and ldq_be_dma() will do the same for a 64-bit big-endian value. There are similar functions for stores. This can be the simplest approach but it's a bit less efficient because it goes up and down the memory subsystem for each data item being read. (2) we provide functions which are "load/store a sequence of bytes from guest memory". This is what dma_memory_read() does. Because it's just a sequence of bytes, the device code is then responsible for interpreting what those bytes mean: maybe they're just bytes, or maybe they're a sequence of little-endian 32-bit values, or maybe they're something else. The device code also has to deal with the fact that the alignment of these values in memory is not necessarily the same as what the host CPU requires. These things together mean you can't simply cast the pointer to a sequence-of-bytes to a host type, or tell dma_memory_read() to write the sequence-of-bytes to a host struct type. We provide functions like ldl_le_p() to say "read a little-endian 32-bit value from this host pointer location" to assist in pulling values out of a sequence-of-bytes array. Or if the data is all of the same type (eg it's an array of 32-bit values) you can dma_memory_read() it into a host uint32_t[] array and then use le32_to_cpu() to convert those uint32_t values to the host's endianness. (I use the dma_* family of functions here as an example since that's what xlnx_dpdma.c happens to use; the same general principle applies for our various other families of guest load/store functions, like the address_space_* ones.) thanks -- PMM
