Two ways I can think of:
(I) If you use Web Mercator (EPSG 3857, coordinates in meters from prime 
meridian at equator)          or WGS84 projection (EPSG 4326, coordinates in 
degrees from prime meridian at equator)    or similar CRS that has straight 
meridians, you can do the calculations yourself and write the coordinates in a 
text file as well known text (see wikipedia for more detail) and import it into 
QGIS using the 'Delimited Text' option in the Data Source Manager.   In a text 
editor (Notepad, Text Edit, GEdit, etc.) write your details like the example 
below, where your field names are on the first line and your lines are on each 
additional line of text. Separate fields with commas, designate text with 
"double quotes".  Note that the x value does not change only the y, also note 
that the order is start point: longitude latitude, end point: longitude 
latitude:
 id, description, wkt1, "Prime Meridian", "LINESTRING(0.00000 -90.00000, 
0.00000 90.00000)"2, "north of Baltimore", "LINESTRING(-76.61241 39.29068, 
-76.61241 90.00000)"
  Save it as text (not a Word document, .doc, and not an .RTF) with the 
extension .CSV. Import it into QGIS using the 'Delimited Text' option in the 
Data Source Manager. For the example set the coordinate system to 4326. Export 
the data into your desired CRS and format.

(II) You can use a plugin like those described here:
https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/119133/how-to-draw-a-polygon-given-a-distance-and-bearing-in-qgis#119148

-Thayer
------------------------------

Message: 6
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2020 09:09:07 -0700
From: John Bethel <[email protected]>
To: "[email protected]" <[email protected]>
Subject: [Qgis-user] Limit lines to orthogonal directions
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
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