> You have to damp the loop, the same as you have to damp the suspension
> in a car.  The general form of a commodity industrial controller
> involves adding proportional, differential and integral terms, hence
> they are called PIDs.
>
> You stop the overshoot by adding a term based on rate at which you are
> changing the value.  There is particular level of correction that
> produces the fastest convergence without any over shoot.  Although I
> forget it, the actual formula is high school level mechanics.
>
> You don't need an integral term, because you are not trying to zero the
> phase error.

I've thought about my own schemes for doing this kind of thing, but I
was hoping to benefit from the experience of NTP to find a proven
scheme rather than just something I hack up. Everything I read is so
heavy on the jargon of control theory and electrical circuits that
it's difficult for me to have confidence in the way I turn it into
code. My ad hoc schemes sorta work, but I want a more solid
understanding of feedback systems rather than the more statistical
approach I've been taking.

I'll check out PIDs. Thanks.

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