Hi Martin,
Thanks for your reply. I am responding on r-devel to
provide some examples of outputs of the function that
I had list in the post-scriptum of my previous
email (BTW, did my post went through the list? I
subscribed only after mailing it).
You wrote:
Just to ask the obvious:
Why is using str() not sufficient for you and instead,
you use 'print.object' {not a good name, BTW, since it looks like a
print() S3 method but isn't one} ?
Would printObject or printSEXP a better name?
The very few cases I found it was insufficient,
certainly dput() was, possibly even using it as
dput(. , control = ....).
As I wrote in my email, I might have reinvented
the wheel. I did not know str! The output of
str and print.object is quite similar for
atomic and list objects. I might look at this
function to change the argument names of the
print.object function.
However, the output of str is quite different
for language expressions and does not show as well
the their list-like strcuture since it respects
the superficial C-like syntax of the R language
(at the textual level).
In contrast, print.object prints all R objects in a much
more uniform way. For me, at least, it is both simpler because
it handles recursive R-objects with a similar
format and closer to the internal Lisp-like SEXPR
structures representing the R objects.
It has, I think, a pedagogic value in particular
for language objects and can be useful when "computing
on the language". The goal was really to be simple,
clear and close the true and elegant internal
representation of the R objects.
Examples
Atomic object
x<-matrix(1,2,2)
dimnames(x)<-list(c("1","2"),c("a","b"))
printObject(x,print.attr=T)
- <double>=1,1,1,1
+ [[attributes]] <list>
- [dim] <integer>=2,2
+ [dimnames] <list>
- <character>='1','2'
- <character>='a','b'
str(x)
num [1:2, 1:2] 1 1 1 1
- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
..$ : chr [1:2] "1" "2"
..$ : chr [1:2] "a" "b"
Note: I have chosen not to represent the names attribute of
the attribute list since I don't know how it is internally
represented as I said in my previous email.
> x<-list(first=pairlist(a="a",b=as.name("b")),second=2)
> printObject(x)
+ <list>
+ [first] <pairlist>
- [a] <character>='a'
- [b] <symbol>=b
- [second] <double>=2
> str(x)
List of 2
$ first :Dotted pair list of 2
..$ a: chr "a"
..$ b: symbol b
$ second: num 2
> dput(x)
structure(list(first = list(a = "a", b = b), second = 2), .Names = c("first",
"second"))
Closure example
foo<-function(x,y)x+y
printObject(foo)
+ <closure>
+ [[formals]] <pairlist>
- [x] <symbol>=''
- [y] <symbol>=''
+ [[body]] <language>
- <symbol>=+
- <symbol>=x
- <symbol>=y
+ [[env]] <environment>=<environment: R_GlobalEnv>
str(foo)
function (x, y)
- attr(*, "source")= chr "function(x,y)x+ydput(foo)
dput(foo)
function (x, y)
x + y
Function calls:
printObject(quote(2+2))
+ <language>
- <symbol>=+
- <double>=2
- <double>=2
printObject(expression(2+2))
+ <expression>
+ <language>
- <symbol>=+
- <double>=2
- <double>=2
dput(expression(2+2))
expression(2 + 2)
printObject(quote(expression(2+2)))
+ <language>
- <symbol>=expression
+ <language>
- <symbol>=+
- <double>=2
- <double>=2
dput(quote(expression(2+2)))
expression(2 + 2)
statement<-quote(function(x,y){z<-(x+y)/2;z})
printObject(statement)
+ <language>
- <symbol>=function
+ <pairlist>
- [x] <symbol>=''
- [y] <symbol>=''
+ <language>
- <symbol>={
+ <language>
- <symbol>=<-
- <symbol>=z
+ <language>
- <symbol>=/
+ <language>
- <symbol>=(
+ <language>
- <symbol>=+
- <symbol>=x
- <symbol>=y
- <double>=2
- <symbol>=z
- <character>='function(x,y){z<-(x+y)/2;z}'
dput(statement)
function(x, y) {
z <- (x + y)/2
z
}
The output of printObject makes it easy to
identify and eventually change an element
of an expression (it easy to count the
argument in each function call).
For eample, to replace a division by
a multiplication
statement[[3]][[2]][[3]][[1]]<-as.name("*")
One additional point, to wrap the names of the elements of
recursive objects, I have used double brackets [[]] to
distinguish between a SEXP inside the SEXPR (this also used
for attributes) and single brackects for generic vectors.
For pairlist, I also use single brackets because it
is writtin in the Manual that they are converted in
generic vector of type pairlist when accessed from R.
The print.object function allows also to use the
"typefun" function (but this is a detail).
Regards,
Gabriel
From: Martin Maechler <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Tue, 10 May 2005 17:30:32 +0200
To: Gabriel Baud-Bovy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Rd] Implementation of the names attribute of attribute lists
X-Mailer: VM 7.18 under Emacs 21.3.1
Reply-To: Martin Maechler <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
CC: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new at stat.math.ethz.ch
Hi Gabriel,
Just to ask the obvious:
Why is using str() not sufficient for you and instead,
you use 'print.object' {not a good name, BTW, since it looks like a
print() S3 method but isn't one} ?
The very few cases I found it was insufficient,
certainly dput() was, possibly even using it as
dput(. , control = ....).
Note that this is a private e-mail only, but feel free to answer
in public (R-devel) if you feel it helps others.
Regards,
Martin
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Gabriel Baud-Bovy tel: (+39) 02 2643 4839
Faculty of Psychology, UHSR University fax: (+39) 02 2643 4892
via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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