Error can be a formula, and would normally be in split-plot designs.
Examples in MASS4, chapter 10, for example.

Unless you have exact balance, use lme.

On Tue, 28 Oct 2003, Bill Shipley wrote:

> Hello.  I am about to do a rather complicated analysis and am not sure
> how to do it.  The experiment has a split-plot design and also repeated
> measures.  Both of these complications require one to define an error
> term and it seems that one cannot specify two such terms.  The
> split-plot command is:
> 
>  
> 
> aov(y~covariates +A*B+Error(C), data=) where A and B are the fixed
> effects and C is the plot-level source of error.
> 
>  
> 
> The repeated measures command is:
> 
> aov(y~covariates+A*B*time + Error(subject), data=) where subject is the
> error source for the repeated measures over time.
> 
>  
> 
> Can these be somehow combined to include a split-plot &
> repeated-measures design?  If not, can I perhaps use a mixed-model
> analysis with random subjects nested within the whole-plot?
> 
>  
> 
> Any suggestions or leads are appreciated.
> 
>  
> 
> Bill Shipley
> 
> Associate Editor, Ecology
> 
> North American Editor, Annals of Botany
> 
> D�partement de biologie, Universit� de Sherbrooke,
> 
> Sherbrooke (Qu�bec) J1K 2R1 CANADA
> 
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> 
>  <http://callisto.si.usherb.ca:8080/bshipley/>
> http://callisto.si.usherb.ca:8080/bshipley/
> 
>  
> 
> 
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> 
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-- 
Brian D. Ripley,                  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Professor of Applied Statistics,  http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/
University of Oxford,             Tel:  +44 1865 272861 (self)
1 South Parks Road,                     +44 1865 272866 (PA)
Oxford OX1 3TG, UK                Fax:  +44 1865 272595

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