It may be educational to read ?factor before you use a factor for some operation (such as subscripting), I guess. In part, it says:
Value:
'factor' returns an object of class '"factor"' which has a set of numeric codes the length of 'x' with a '"levels"' attribute of mode 'character'. If 'ordered' is true (or 'ordered' is used) the result has class 'c("ordered", "factor")'.
In other words, a factor is a numeric vector with a "levels" attribute.
What do you expect to happen when you use a numeric vector as subscript?
Hello,
Ok, I understand the point: I should have read the documentation better...
The 'warning' section of the help on 'factor' is even more enlightning:
> The interpretation of a factor depends on both the codes and the > `"levels"' attribute. Be careful only to compare factors with the > same set of levels (in the same order). In particular, > `as.numeric' applied to a factor is meaningless, and may happen by > implicit coercion.
Let me argue that when a factor is printed, you don't see the numeric codes, you just see the labels. From an ergonomic point of view, in many situations where labels are used, the numeric representation of a unordered factor is just an irrelevant 'internal' coding. (E.g. when factors are parsed automatically by read.table).
[Named vectors and labels in factors are part of the reasons why I like R better than, say, Matlab: you don't have to remember tons of numeric codes.]
Given a named vector 'm' and a factor 'f' whose levels match (e.g. when 'm' is the result of a 'tapply' command using the factor f as INDEX), my intuition is that m[f] means m[as.character(f)]
Others persons with a more precise knowledge of R probably find it natural that a factor is numeric in *essence* (despite its *appearance* when printed).
I am not proposing to change R to adapt it to my intuition.
I just believed that the trap was dangerous enough to (1) dare display my ignorance and (2) suggest that a warning in the 'Introduction to R' would not a bad idea (maybe it is but I have not read carefully enough...)
Cheers,
Christophe Pallier
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